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pressure resistance time

Толкование Перевод

1 pressure resistance time

время выдержки давления

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > pressure resistance time
2 pressure resistance time

время выдержки давления

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > pressure resistance time
3 pressure resistance time

Техника: время выдержки давления

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > pressure resistance time
4 time

1) время || измерять [определять\] время; отмечать время; хронометрировать

2) период [интервал\] времени

3) момент времени

4) срок; длительность, продолжительность

5) темп; такт

6) хронировать; синхронизировать; осуществлять привязку по времени

7) регулировать взаимное положение фаз периодических процессов

•

time between failures — наработка на отказ;

time on — время включения; продолжительность пребывания во включенном состоянии;

time on test — продолжительность испытания;

time to failure — наработка на отказ;

time to repair — 1. наработка до ремонта 2. время ремонта

-
absolute time
-
acceleration time
-
acceptance time
-
access time
-
acquisition time
-
action time
-
active repair time
-
actual airborne time
-
actual time
-
actuation time
-
addition time
-
add time
-
addressing time
-
administrative time
-
advance time
-
ageing time
-
aging time
-
air cutting time
-
air time
-
alignment time
-
annealing time
-
apparent time
-
arcing time
-
arc time
-
arrestment time
-
arrival time
-
assembly time
-
astronomical time
-
atomic time
-
attack time
-
attenuation time
-
average time
-
averaging time
-
backup time
-
baking time
-
base transit time
-
basin lag time
-
batch-free time
-
block-to-block time
-
blowing time
-
braking time
-
break contact release time
-
bridging time
-
bubble penetration time
-
bubble waiting time
-
build up time
-
burning time
-
burn-off time
-
burst time
-
caging time
-
calendar time
-
capture time
-
carbonizing time
-
carrier transit time
-
cell production time
-
chambering time
-
changeover time
-
characteristic time
-
charge time
-
check-in time
-
chill time
-
chock-to-chock time
-
civil time
-
clear time
-
clearing time
-
clipping time
-
closing time
-
compilation time
-
computer time
-
conditioning time
-
contact time
-
continuous recording time
-
continuous time
-
conversion time
-
cooking time
-
cool time
-
critical time
-
cumulative cutting time
-
cumulative operating time
-
cure time
-
current impulse time
-
current time
-
current-rise time
-
cutoff time
-
cutting time
-
cutting-in time
-
cycle time
-
damping time
-
data-hold time
-
daylight saving time
-
dead time
-
debatable time
-
debugging time
-
debug time
-
decay time
-
deceleration time
-
definite minimum inverse operating time
-
definite operating time
-
deionization time
-
delay time
-
departure time
-
detention time
-
development time
-
discharge time
-
disconnection time
-
discrete time
-
divide time
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door-to-door time
-
down time
-
drift-transit time
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drift time
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drive time
-
dropout time
-
dust-free time
-
dwelling time
-
dwell time
-
early finish time
-
early start time
-
effective time
-
elapsed time
-
emptying time
-
engine ground test time
-
engine operating time
-
engine run-in time
-
engineering time
-
entry time
-
ephemeris time
-
erase time
-
error-free running time
-
estimated elapsed time
-
estimated time of checkpoint
-
execution time
-
exposure time
-
extinction time
-
fall time
-
fast time
-
fault clearing time
-
fault time
-
fetch time
-
firing time
-
first copy-out time
-
flash-off time
-
flight block time
-
flight dual instruction time
-
flight duty time
-
flight time
-
flooding time
-
floor-to-floor time
-
flotation time
-
flushing time
-
flyover time
-
forepumping time
-
forge time
-
freezing time
-
fuel-doubling time
-
fueling time
-
fuel-residence time
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full operating time
-
fusing time
-
gate-controlled delay time
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gate-controlled rise time
-
gate-controlled turn-on time
-
gate-controlled-turn-off time
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gating time
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generation time
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Greenwich mean time
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gross-coking time
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ground operating time
-
group delay time
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guard time
-
gyro erection time
-
handling time
-
heat time
-
high-water time
-
holding time
-
hold time
-
hold-off time
-
idle running time
-
idle time
-
ignition time
-
impulse front time
-
impulse tail time
-
incidental time
-
ineffective time
-
initial setting time
-
in-pile time
-
installation time
-
instruction time
-
instrument flight time
-
interaction time
-
interarrival time
-
interpulse time
-
interrupting time
-
intrinsic time
-
ionization time
-
keeping time
-
lag time of flow
-
lag time
-
landing gear extension time
-
latency time
-
lead time
-
leading-edge time
-
life time
-
local time
-
lockage time
-
locking time
-
low-water time
-
machine time
-
maintenance time
-
make contact operating time
-
make contact release time
-
make time
-
make-break time
-
manipulation time
-
Markov's time
-
Markov time
-
maximum permissible short-circuit clearing time
-
mean time between failures
-
mean time between power failures
-
melting time
-
mill delay time
-
mill pacing time
-
mixing time
-
modal transit time
-
monolayer time
-
moving time
-
multiplication time
-
near-real time
-
Newtonian time
-
no-load running time
-
nonreal time
-
normally-closed contact release time
-
nuclear time
-
nucleation time
-
object time
-
observation time
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off time
-
off-stream time
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on time
-
on-stream time
-
opening time
-
operating time
-
operator's time
-
optimized contact time
-
orbit phasing time
-
outage time
-
output voltage setup time
-
overall cycle time
-
paralysis time
-
partial operating time
-
particle residence time
-
peak-load time
-
periodic time
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pickup time
-
plasma time
-
playing time
-
poison override time
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predetermined time
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preroll time
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preset time
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press down time
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pressure resistance time
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prestrike time
-
production pitch time
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productive time
-
program fetch time
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program testing time
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propagation delay time
-
propagation time
-
proper time
-
pulling-out time
-
pull-out time
-
pull-in time
-
pull-up time
-
pulse fall time
-
pulse rise time
-
pulse time
-
ramp time
-
reaction time
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read time
-
readiness time
-
reading readout time
-
reading time
-
real time
-
recession time
-
reclosing dead time
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reclosing time
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recovery time
-
reference time
-
release time
-
remaining life time
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repair time
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reset time
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residence time
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response time
-
restoration time
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retention time
-
retrace time
-
retrieval time
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reverberation time
-
reversal time
-
rewind time
-
rig time
-
rig total operating time
-
rig-down time
-
rig-up time
-
rise time
-
rolling time
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roughing time
-
round-trip time
-
route-setting time
-
run time
-
run-down time
-
running time
-
running-down time
-
running-in time
-
run-up time
-
scheduled departure time
-
screen time
-
search time
-
seed-free time
-
seek time
-
selection time
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self-extinction time
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service time
-
serviceable time
-
servicing time
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set time
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setting time
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settling time
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setup time
-
shelf time
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shipping time
-
ship time
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shot time
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sidereal time
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signal modulation time
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signal transit time
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simulated time
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sludging time
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snubbing time
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soaking time
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solar time
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sowing time
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specified time
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spending time
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spray-on time
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stabilization time
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standard time
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standing time
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starting time
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start time
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station time
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stay-down time
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stock-descent time
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stop time
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stopping time
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storage time
-
subtraction time
-
subtract time
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succession time
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summer time
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sweep time
-
switchgear operating time
-
switching time
-
switchover time
-
tack-free time
-
takedown time
-
tap-to-tap time
-
task time
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thermal death time
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throughput time
-
time of arrival
-
time of coincidence
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time of delivery
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time of fall
-
time of flight
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time of persistence
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time of swing
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tool-in-cut time
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track time
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traffic release time
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trailing-edge time
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trailing time
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transfer time
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transient time
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transit time
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transition time
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translating time
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transmission time
-
traveling time
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travel time
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trigger time
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trip time
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troubleshooting time
-
true time
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turnaround time
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turn-off time
-
turn-on time
-
turnover time
-
turnround time
-
unit time
-
universal time
-
up time
-
useful time
-
vehicle-off-the-road time
-
viewing time
-
waiting time
-
wait time
-
waiting-on-cement time
-
warm-up time
-
wavefront time
-
wavetail time
-
write time
-
Zebra time
-
zero time
-
zonal time
-
Zulu time

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > time
5 resistance to rupture

сопротивление разрыву

steam generator tube rupture — разрыв трубки парогенератора

rupture time — время до разрыва; время образования разрыва

MOL clad rupture — разрыв оболочки в середине срока службы

reactor pressure vessel rupture — разрыв корпуса реактора

fuel cladding rupture rate — частота разрывов оболочек

English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > resistance to rupture
6 время выдержки давления

pressure resistance time

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > время выдержки давления
7 время выдержки давления

pressure resistance time

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > время выдержки давления
8 test

1) испытание; опыт; проба; проверка

2) критерий; мерило, пробный камень

3) испытательный, контрольный, пробный

4) испытывать; делать опыты; подвергать испытанию

5) брать пробы

•

test for soundness — испытание ( цемента) на равномерность изменения объёма

test to destruction — испытание до разрушения

test to failure — испытание до отказа оборудования

to test the instrument — проверять прибор, эталонировать прибор

to agree upon the procedure of tests — согласовать порядок проведения испытаний

to consider the programme of tests — согласовывать программу испытаний

to finalize the programme of tests — согласовать программу испытаний

to put off tests — переносить испытания

to appoint time of tests — назначить время испытаний

to be present at the tests — присутствовать во время проведения испытаний

to carry out a test — проводить испытание

to discuss the programme of tests — согласовывать программу испытаний

to fail tests — не пройти испытания

to pass test to satisfaction — успешно проводить испытание

to perform test — провести испытание

to stand the test — выдерживать испытание

- abrasion test
- abruption test - absorption test - accelerated corrosion test - accelerated wear test - acceptance test - acid test - adhesion test - adverse field test - ageing test - air test - air-content test - air-pressure test - alkalimetric test - alternate stress test - alternating bending test - alternating impact test - alternating torsion fatigue test - altitude test - angular test - appearance test - approval test - arbitration test - Atterberg test - autoclave test - axial test - back-and-forth bending test - bacteriological test - ball test - ball hardness test - ball rebound test - beam test - beam rotating fatigue test - beam-strength test - bearing test of soil - bench test - bending test - bending and unbending test - bloating test - blow test - blow-bending test - blowpipe test - bounce test - breakdown test - breaking test - Brinell hardness test - brittleness test - buckling test - burning test - bursting test - calibration test - calorimeter test - cannon test - carbon residue test - Charpy test - check test - chemical test of drain - cleavage test - closure test - coating test - cold test - cold bending test - colorimetric test for organic impurities - commercial test - commissioning tests - compaction test - comparative test - comprehensive test - compression test - compression-compression test - consistency test of concrete - continuous test - continuity of test - corrosion test - corrosive wear test - crack test - crash test - creep test - cross-bending test - crushing test - cupping test - cyclic test - damp test - decantation test - deep test - deflection test - deformation test - degradation rate test - density test - destruction test - destructive test - Deval abrasion test - doubling test - drain test - drill test - drop test - dummy test - duplicate test - dynamic breaking test - elongation test - endurance test - end-use test - evaluation test - extraction test on Portland cement - factory test - failure test - fatigue test - field tests - field in-place test - file test - fire hose reel test - fire resistance test - flange test - flattening test - flexion test - flexure test - float test - flow test - folding test - fracture test - free-bend test - freezing test - freezing and thawing test - fuel test - full-scale test - green test - grinding test - guarantee test - hardness test - hot bend test - hot twist test - immersion test - impact test - impact bend test - indentation test - ink test - intermittent test - internal pressure test - Izod impact test - knock test - Knoop microhardness test - laboratory test - leak test - leakage test - life test - limiting pressure test - load test on pile - load test - loading test - long run tests - minimum flow rate test - model test - moment test - mortar bar test - non-destructive test - notch bar test - notch bending test - on-the-road test - organic impurities test - pat test - pendulum test - penetration test - percentage test - performance test - physical endurance test - pile test - pile loading test - pneumatic test - preliminary test - pressure test - prototype test - pull-out bond test - pumping test - puncture test - qualification test - quality test - rattler test - reduced section tension test - reduction-in-alkalinity test - reduction-in-expansion test - reheat test - relaxation test - remolding test - repair test - repetition test - resistance to corrosion test - resistance to impact test - reversed bend test - ride test - rig test - road tests - rod test - running test - running-in test - salt spray tests - scale test - scratch test - sedimentation test - service test - settleability test - severe test - shear test - shear test of soil - shock test - shop test - Shore's scleroscope hardness test - short-circuit test - size test - sizing test - skid test - slump test - smell test - smoke test - soap test - sodium solution test - soil test - soundness test - spray angle test - spring closure test - squeeze test - stain test - static test - strength test - strip-off adhesion test - subgrade test - subzero test - sugar test of cement - taking over tests - tear test - tee-bend test - tensile test - tension test - throw range test - time-of-setting test - torsion test - transverse test - twisting test - ultrasonic test - unit-weight test - vane test - Vicat needle test - warpage test - warranty test - water test - water absorption test - water retention test - wear test - weather exposure test - weldability test - X-ray test
* * *

испытание; проверка; тест; опыт; проба; анализ; исследование; эксперимент || испытывать; проверять; исследовать

test by immersion in boiling water — проба [испытание] кипячением в воде

test for organic matter — определение содержания органических примесей в заполнителях

to run a test — проводить испытание
- test of time
- AASHO density test
- Abbot compaction test
- Abrams' test
- abrasion test
- absorption test
- accelerated test
- accelerated test for compressive strength
- accelerated strength test
- acceptance test
- accredited tests
- acid test
- aggregate crushing test
- aggregate impact test
- air test
- air content test
- air entrainment test
- air filter blackness test
- air leakage test
- air permeability test
- air permeability fineness test
- alternating bending test
- anchorage shear test
- aptitude test
- Atterberg test
- attrition test
- autoclave test
- baling-out permeability test
- ball test
- ball hardness test
- barium sulphate test
- beam test
- bearing test
- bending test
- bending tensile test
- bit wear test
- blackness air filter test
- Blain test
- block shear test
- blow flexure test
- boiling test
- bond test
- bootstrap test
- borehole shear test
- breaking test
- Brinell hardness test
- California bearing ratio test
- cement tests
- Charpy test
- Charpy V-notch impact test
- checking test
- check test
- COLE volume change test
- colorimetric test
- color test
- compacting factor test
- compaction test
- complience test
- compression test
- cone penetration test
- consistency test
- consolidated quick test
- consolidation test
- constant head permeability test
- constant rate of penetration test
- constant rate of uplift test
- constant volume test
- control test
- core test
- creep test
- C.R.P. test
- crushing test
- cube strength test
- cube test
- cylinder test
- dehydration test
- diametral compression test
- diamond pyramid hardness test
- dioctylphthalate test
- direct shear test
- dispersion test
- dissipation test
- DOP test
- Dorry test
- drain test
- drained triaxial test
- driving test
- drop-weight test
- durability test
- dust spot test
- Dutch sounding test
- dynamic penetration test
- expandable sleeve concrete test
- exposure tests
- fast field tests
- fatigue test
- field tests
- field density test
- field loading test
- field percolation test
- field vane test
- flexure test
- flow-table test
- flow test
- four-point bending test
- fracture test
- freeze-thaw test
- freeze-thaw durability test
- freezing test
- gravimetric air filter test
- hardening test of concrete
- hardness test
- Herbert cloudburst test
- hollow cylinder test
- hydraulic drain test
- hydraulic flat-jack test
- hydraulic pressure test
- hydraulic test
- hydrostatic test
- impact test
- impact crushing value test
- indentation test
- ink test
- in-place test
- in-place slump test
- in-situ test
- in-situ soil tests
- insulation test
- integrity test
- Izod impact test
- Izod test
- jolt test
- Kelly ball test
- Knoop hardness test
- laboratory test
- leakage test
- life test
- line-load test
- load test of structures
- loading test
- long-term test
- long-time creep test
- maintained load test
- manufacturer test
- methylene blue test
- model test
- needle test
- notch bending test
- notched bar test
- nuclear density test
- operational test
- organic test
- organic test for fine aggregate
- orifice tube test
- penetration test
- percussion test
- performance test
- photoelastic test
- pile load test
- pile pulling test
- pile redriving test
- plate-bearing test
- pneumatic test
- point-load test
- preliminary test
- pressure test
- pressure meter test
- proof test
- proof load test
- pumping test
- punching shear test
- pycnometer test
- Q-test
- quick test
- R-test
- Ro test
- radial percolation test
- Raymond standard test
- reception test
- reference test
- reliability test
- repeated load test
- resonant-column test
- reverse bend test
- rock bolts convergence test
- Rockwell hardness test
- Rockwell superficial hardness test
- S-test
- saponification test
- scratch test
- shearing test
- shear test
- shock bending test
- short-term test
- single point test
- site test for cement content of mortars
- slow test
- slump test
- smoke test
- soap test
- splitting tensile test
- standard-density test
- standard penetration test
- static penetration test
- strength test
- stress-relaxation test
- stress-rupture test
- tensile test
- tightness test
- time-of-set test
- torsion test
- triaxial compression test
- triaxial test
- two-point test
- type test
- ultrasonic test
- undrained test
- vacuum test
- vane test
- vibrated mortar cube test
- vibrating crushing test
- Vicat needle test
- water test
- water loading test
- water retention test
- wind loading test
- wind-tunnel test
- works beam test
- works cube test
- yield test

Англо-русский строительный словарь > test
9 stand

1. intransitive verb,
stood

1) stehen

stand in a line or row — sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (be standing) in einer Reihe stehen

we stood talking — wir standen da und unterhielten uns

2) (have height)

he stands six feet tall/the tree stands 30 feet high — er ist sechs Fuß groß/der Baum ist 30 Fuß hoch

3) (be at level) [Aktien, Währung, Thermometer:] stehen (at auf + Dat.); [Fonds:] sich belaufen (at auf + Akk.); [Absatz, Export usw.:] liegen (at bei)

4) (hold good) bestehen bleiben

my offer/promise still stands — mein Angebot/Versprechen gilt nach wie vor

5) (find oneself, be)

stand convicted of treachery — wegen Verrats verurteilt sein

as it stands, as things stand — wie die Dinge [jetzt] liegen

the law as it stands — das bestehende od. gültige Recht

I'd like to know where I stand — (fig.) ich möchte wissen, wo ich dran bin

stand in need of something — einer Sache (Gen.) dringend bedürfen

6) (be candidate) kandidieren ( for für)

stand in an election — bei einer Wahl kandidieren

stand as a Liberal/Conservative — für die Liberalen/Konservativen kandidieren

stand for Parliament — (Brit.) für einen Parlamentssitz kandidieren

7)

stand proxy for somebody — jemanden vertreten

8) (place oneself) sich stellen

stand in the way of something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) im Weg stehen

[not] stand in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem [keine] Steine in den Weg legen

9) (be likely)

stand to win or gain/lose something — etwas gewinnen/verlieren können
2. transitive verb,
stood

1) (set in position) stellen

stand something on end/upside down — etwas hochkant/auf den Kopf stellen

2) (endure) ertragen; vertragen [Klima]

I can't stand the heat/noise — ich halte die Hitze/den Lärm nicht aus

I cannot stand [the sight of] him/her — ich kann ihn/sie nicht ausstehen

he can't stand the pressure/strain/stress — er ist dem Druck/den Strapazen/dem Stress nicht gewachsen

I can't stand it any longer! — ich halte es nicht mehr aus!; see also academic.ru/75052/time">time 1. 1)

3) (undergo) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.)

stand trial [for something] — [wegen etwas] vor Gericht stehen

4) (buy)

stand somebody something — jemandem etwas ausgeben od. spendieren (ugs.)
3. noun
1) (support) Ständer, der

2) (stall; at exhibition) Stand, der

3) (raised structure, grandstand) Tribüne, die

4) (resistance) Widerstand, der

take or make a stand — (fig.) klar Stellung beziehen (for/against/on für/gegen/zu)

5) (standing place for taxi, bus, etc.) Stand, der

Phrasal Verbs:

- stand about

- stand aside

- stand back

- stand between

- stand by

- stand down

- stand for

- stand in

- stand out

- stand over

- stand together

- stand up

- stand up for

- stand up to

* * *
[stænd] 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb
1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) stehen

2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) (auf)stehen

3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) stehen

4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) gelten

5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) stehen

6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) liegen

7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) bewerben

8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) stellen

9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) ertragen

10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) spendieren
2. noun
1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) der Platz

2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) der Ständer

3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) der Stand

4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) die Tribüne

5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) der Zeugenstand

•

- take the stand
- standing 3. noun
1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) die Dauer

2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) der Stand

•

- stand-by
4. adjective
((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) stand-by
5. adverb
(travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) stand-by

- stand-in
- standing-room
- make someone's hair stand on end
- stand aside
- stand back
- stand by
- stand down
- stand fast/firm
- stand for
- stand in
- stand on one's own two feet
- stand on one's own feet
- stand out
- stand over
- stand up for
- stand up to
* * *

stand

[stænd]

I. NOUN

1. (physical position) Stellung f

to take up a \stand somewhere sich akk irgendwo hinstellen

2. (position on an issue) Einstellung f (on zu + dat), Ansicht f (on zu + dat)

what's her \stand on sexual equality? wie steht sie zur Gleichberechtigung?

to make a \stand against sth sich akk gegen etw akk auflehnen

to take a \stand on sth sich akk für etw akk einsetzen

it's her civic duty to take a \stand on civil rights es ist ihre Bürgerpflicht, die Bürgerrechte zu verteidigen

to take a \stand with sb jdm gegenübertreten

I had to take a firm \stand with my son and forbid him to attend that party ich musste meinem Sohn gegenüber hart bleiben und ihm verbieten, diese Party zu besuchen

3. ( form: standstill) Stillstand m

to bring sb/sth to a \stand jdm/etw Einhalt gebieten geh

4. usu pl (raised seating for spectators) [Zuschauer]tribüne f

5. (support) Ständer m

music/revolving \stand Noten-/Drehständer m

6. CHEM Stativ nt

7. (stall) [Verkaufs]stand m

candy/news \stand Süßwaren-/Zeitungsstand m

8. (for vehicles) Stand m

taxi \stand Taxistand m

9. AM (series of performances) Gastspiel nt

one-night \stand One-Night-Stand m fam

10. AM LAW

▪ the \stand der Zeugenstand

to take the \stand vor Gericht aussagen

11. MIL (resistance) Widerstand m

to make [or take] a \stand ( fig) klar Stellung beziehen

12. (group of plants)

\stand of clover Büschel nt Klee

\stand of trees Baumgruppe f

II. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<stood, stood>

1. (be upright) stehen

\stand against the wall stell dich an die Wand

\stand in front of the house stell dich vor das Haus

\stand in a straight line! stellen Sie sich in einer Reihe auf!

the team will \stand or fall by the success of their new model das Team steht und fällt mit dem Erfolg seines neuen Modells

\stand and deliver! ( dated) Hände hoch und Geld her!

to \stand to [or at] attention MIL stillstehen

to \stand guard [or watch] [over sb/sth] [bei jdm/etw] Wache halten

he felt it necessary to \stand watch over the cash box er hielt es für nötig, die Kasse im Auge zu behalten

to \stand on one's hands/head einen Hand-/Kopfstand machen

to \stand clear [or aside] aus dem Weg gehen, beiseitetreten

to \stand erect [or tall] aufrecht [o gerade] stehen

to \stand motionless regungslos dastehen

to \stand still stillstehen

2. + n (be a stated height) messen geh

he \stands over seven feet er misst über sieben Fuß

3. FOOD (remain untouched) stehen

4. (be located) liegen

an old hut stood by the river am Fluss stand eine alte Hütte

the train is \standing at platform 8 der Zug steht auf Gleis 8

to \stand in sb's way jdm im Weg stehen

to \stand in the way of sth etw dat im Weg[e] stehen [o hinderlich sein]

to \stand open offen stehen

5. (have a viewpoint)

how [or where] do you \stand on the issue of foreign policy? was ist Ihre Meinung zur Außenpolitik?

from where she \stands it seemed reasonable to ask von ihrer Warte aus schien es vernünftig zu fragen

6. + adj (be in a specified state) stehen

I never know where I \stand with my boss ich weiß nie, wie ich mit meinem Chef dran bin fam

how do you think your chances \stand of being offered the job? wie, glaubst du, stehen deine Chancen, dass man dir die Stelle anbietet?

with the situation as it \stands right now... so wie die Sache im Moment aussieht,...

to \stand high/low in sb's opinion bei jdm sehr [o hoch] /wenig [o schlecht] angesehen sein

to \stand alone beispiellos [o einzigartig] sein

to \stand aloof from sb/sth ( form) sich akk von jdm/etw distanzieren

to \stand empty [or idle] leer stehen

to \stand fast [or firm] standhaft sein

\stand firm on your decision steh fest zu deinem Entschluss

to \stand pat esp AM hart [o standfest] bleiben

to \stand second/third an zweiter/dritter Stelle stehen

to \stand accused of sth wegen einer S. gen unter Anklage stehen

to \stand accused of murder des Mordes angeklagt sein

to \stand corrected ( form) sich akk geschlagen geben fam

I \stand corrected ich muss mich korrigieren [o gebe meinen Fehler zu]

to \stand to gain [or win] /lose sth wahrscheinlich etw gewinnen/verlieren

7. (separate from)

▪ to \stand between sb/sth zwischen jdm/etw stehen

the handouts he got from his parents were all that stood between Dan and destitution es waren allein die Zuwendungen, die Dan von seinen Eltern erhielt, was ihn vor völliger Mittellosigkeit bewahrte

8. (remain valid) gelten, Bestand haben

does that still \stand? ist das noch gültig?, gilt das noch?

his work still \stands as one of the greatest advances in medical theory seine Arbeit gilt immer noch als eine der größten Leistungen in der Medizin

Newtonian mechanics stood for over two hundred years die Newton'sche Mechanik galt zweihundert Jahre lang unangefochten

9. BRIT, AUS (be a candidate for office) sich akk zur Wahl stellen, kandidieren

▪ to \stand for sth für etw akk kandidieren

to \stand for election sich akk zur Wahl stellen

10.

▶ to \stand on one's own two feet auf eigenen Füßen stehen

▶ to be able to do sth \standing on one's head ( fam) etw mit links machen können fam

▶ to not leave one stone \standing on another keinen Stein auf dem anderen lassen

▶ it \stands to reason [that]... es ist logisch [o leuchtet ein], dass...

III. TRANSITIVE VERB

<stood, stood>

1. (place upright)

▪ to \stand sth somewhere etw irgendwohin hinstellen

she stood the yardstick upright against the wall sie stellte den Messstab gegen die Wand

to \stand sth on its head etw auf den Kopf stellen

2. (refuse to be moved)

to \stand one's ground wie angewurzelt stehen bleiben; (refuse to yield) standhaft bleiben

3. (bear)

▪ to \stand sth etw ertragen [o fam aushalten]

▪ to not [be able to] \stand sth etw nicht ertragen können

our tent won't \stand another storm unser Zelt wird keinen weiteren Sturm überstehen

she can't \stand anyone touching her sie kann es nicht leiden, wenn man sie anfasst

to not be able to \stand the sight of sth den Anblick von etw dat nicht ertragen können

to \stand the test of time die Zeit überdauern

4. (pay for)

▪ to \stand sb sth jdm etw ausgeben [o spendieren]

Catherine stood us all a drink Catherine lud uns alle zu einem Drink ein

to \stand bail for sb für jdn Kaution stellen [o Sicherheit leisten

5. ( fam)

to \stand a chance of doing sth gute Aussichten haben, etw zu tun

6. LAW

to \stand trial [for sth] sich akk vor Gericht [für etw akk] verantworten müssen

7.

▶ to \stand sb in good stead jdm von Nutzen [o Vorteil] sein

* * *
[stnd] vb: pret, ptp stood
1. n

1) (= position) Platz m, Standort m; (fig) Standpunkt m, Einstellung f (on zu)

my stand is that... — ich stehe auf dem Standpunkt, dass..., ich vertrete die Einstellung, dass...

to take a stand (on a matter) — (zu einer Angelegenheit) eine Einstellung vertreten

to take a firm stand — einen festen Standpunkt vertreten (on zu)

2) (MIL: resistance) Widerstand m; (= battle) Gefecht nt

to make a stand (lit, fig) — sich widersetzen, Widerstand leisten

that was their last stand — das war ihr letztes Gefecht

3) (= taxi stand) Stand m

4) (Brit THEAT) Gastspiel nt; (of pop group etc) Konzert nt

5) (= furniture, lamp stand, music stand) Ständer m

6) (= market stall etc) Stand m

7) (= band stand) Podium nt

8) (Brit SPORT) Tribüne f; (US JUR) Zeugenstand m

(we sat) in the stand — (wir saßen) auf der Tribüne

to take the stand (Jur) — in den Zeugenstand treten

9) (esp US FOREST) (Baum)bestand m

2. vt

1) (= place) stellen → stead, head

See:

→ stead, head

2) (= withstand) pressure, close examination etc (= object) standhalten (+dat); (person) gewachsen sein (+dat); test bestehen; climate vertragen; heat, noise ertragen, aushalten; loss, cost verkraften

the wall could stand another coat of paint (inf) — die Wand könnte noch einen Anstrich vertragen

3) (inf: put up with) person, noise, interruptions etc aushalten

I can't stand being kept waiting —

I can't stand it any longer — ich halte das nicht mehr (länger) aus

4) (Brit inf

= treat) to stand sb a drink/a meal — jdm einen Drink/ein Essen spendieren

5)

to stand trial — vor Gericht stehen (for wegen)

3. vi

1) (= be upright) stehen; (= get up) aufstehen

all stand! — alles aufstehen!

don't just stand there(, do something)! — stehen Sie nicht nur( dumm) rum, tun Sie was! (inf)

to stand still — still stehen

we stood talking —

stand and deliver! (old, hum) — anhalten, her mit dem Zeug! (inf)

See:

→ attention, ease

2) (= measure person) groß sein; (tree etc) hoch sein

3) (= be situated) stehen

it has stood there for 600 years — es steht da schon seit 600 Jahren

4) (= remain unchanged) stehen; (fig) bestehen (bleiben)

5)

to stand as a candidate — kandidieren

See:

→ also stand for

6) (= continue to be valid offer, argument, promise) gelten; (objection, contract) gültig bleiben; (decision, record, account) stehen

the theory stands or falls by or on this — damit steht und fällt die Theorie

7) (= be at a certain level thermometer, record) stehen (at auf +dat); (sales) liegen (at bei)

8) (fig

= be in a position) we stand to lose/gain a lot — wir können sehr viel verlieren/gewinnen

he stands to make a lot of money — er wird wohl eine Menge Geld (dabei) verdienen

what do we stand to gain by it? — was springt für uns dabei heraus? (inf), was bringt uns (dat) das ein?

9) (fig

= be placed) how do we stand? — wie stehen wir?

I'd like to know where I stand (with him) — ich möchte wissen, woran ich (bei ihm) bin

where do you stand with him? — wie stehen Sie sich mit ihm?

where do you stand on this issue? — welchen Standpunkt vertreten Sie in dieser Frage?

as things stand — nach Lage der Dinge

as it stands — so wie die Sache aussieht

to stand accused of sth — einer Sache (gen) angeklagt sein

10) (fig

= be, continue to be) to stand firm or fast — festbleiben

to stand ready —

to stand in need of help — Hilfe brauchen

to stand together — zusammenhalten

to stand (as) security for sb — für jdn bürgen

nothing now stands between us — es steht nichts mehr zwischen uns

11)

to leave sb/sth standing ( Brit inf ) — jdn/etw in den Schatten stellen

* * *

stand [stænd]

A s

1. a) Stehen n

b) Stillstand m, Halt m

2. a) (Stand)Platz m, Standort m

b) fig Standpunkt m:

take a stand Stellung beziehen (on zu);

take a common stand einen gemeinsamen Standpunkt einnehmen

3. fig Eintreten n:

make a stand against sich entgegenstellen oder -stemmen (dat), Front machen gegen;

make a stand for sich einsetzen für

4. a) (Zuschauer)Tribüne f

b) Podium n

5. JUR US Zeugenstand m:

on the stand im Zeugenstand;

take the stand

a) den Zeugenstand betreten,

b) als Zeuge aussagen

6. WIRTSCH (Verkaufs-, Messe) Stand m

7. Stand(platz) m (für Taxis)

8. (Kleider-, Noten- etc) Ständer m

9. Gestell n, Regal n

10. a) Stativ n

b) Stütze f

11. (Baum)Bestand m

12. AGR Stand m (des Getreides etc), (zu erwartende) Ernte:

stand of wheat stehender Weizen

13. THEAT Gastspiel(ort) n(m): → one-night stand

14. auch stand of arms MIL (vollständige) Ausrüstung (eines Soldaten)

B v/i prät und pperf stood [stʊd]

1. a) allg stehen:

as there were no seats left, we had to stand;

…, (as) sure ( oder true) as I’m standing here …, so wahr ich hier stehe!;

don’t just stand there, help me! steh nicht herum, hilf mir!;

stand alone allein (da)stehen ( with mit einer Ansicht etc); unerreicht dastehen oder da sein;

stand fast ( oder firm) festbleiben, hart bleiben ( beide:

on in dat)( → B 4);

stand or fall by stehen und fallen mit;

stand gasping keuchend dastehen;

stand on one’s head

a) einen Kopfstand machen, kopfstehen,

b) fig (vor Freude etc) kopfstehen;

I could do this standing on my head umg das könnte ich mit links oder stehend freihändig machen;

stand on one’s hands einen Handstand machen;

stand to lose (to win) (mit Sicherheit) verlieren (gewinnen);

how are things standing? wie stehen die Dinge?;

how do we stand in comparision to …? wie stehen wir im Vergleich zu …?;

as matters ( oder things) stand nach Lage der Dinge, so wie die Dinge stehen;

I want to know where ( oder how) I stand ich will wissen, woran ich bin;

you always know where ( oder how) you stand with him man weiß immer, wie man mit ihm dran ist;

the wind stands in the west der Wind weht von Westen;

stand well with sb mit jemandem gut stehen, sich mit jemandem gut stellen;

leave sb (sth) standing Br umg jemanden (etwas) in den Schatten stellen; → attention 4, foot A 1, leg Bes Redew

c) aufstehen

2. stehen, liegen, sich befinden, sein (Sache): → empty A 2, idle A 5

3. sein:

stand ready; → accuse a, convict A 1 a, correct A 2, need A 1

4. a) auch stand still stillstehen:

stand! halt!;

stand fast! MIL Br stillgestanden!, US Abteilung halt! ( → B 1);

stand still for US → C 7

b) stand and deliver! HIST (Kutschenüberfall) halt, alles Geld her!

5. bleiben:

stand neutral, etc;

and so it stands und dabei bleibt es

6. sich stellen, treten:

stand clear zurücktreten (of von);

stand clear of auch den Eingang etc frei machen;

stand on the defensive sich verteidigen;

stand on the offensive zum Angriff antreten; → stand back 1

7. stand six feet sechs Fuß groß sein (Person), sechs Fuß hoch sein (Mauer etc)

8. sich behaupten, bestehen ( beide:

against gegen):

stand through sth etwas überstehen oder -dauern

9. fig festbleiben

10. (weiterhin) gelten:

my offer stands mein Angebot gilt nach wie vor oder bleibt bestehen;

let sth stand etwas gelten oder bestehen bleiben lassen

11. SCHIFF (auf einem Kurs) liegen oder sein, steuern, halten

12. JAGD vorstehen ([ up]on dat) (Hund)

C v/t

1. stellen (on auf akk):

stand a plane on its nose FLUG einen Kopfstand machen;

stand sth on its head fig etwas auf den Kopf stellen

2. standhalten (dat), aushalten:

he can’t stand the climate er kann das Klima nicht (v)ertragen;

I couldn’t stand the pain ich konnte den Schmerz nicht aushalten oder ertragen;

she couldn’t stand the pressure sie war dem Druck nicht gewachsen;

I can’t stand him ich kann ihn nicht ausstehen oder leiden;

I can’t stand being told ( oder people telling me) what to do ich kann es nicht ausstehen oder leiden, wenn man mir Vorschriften macht; → heat A 1 a, racket² A 4, sight A 2

3. sich etwas gefallen lassen, dulden, ertragen:

I won’t stand that any longer das lasse ich mir nicht länger bieten

4. sich einer Sache unterziehen: → trial A 2

5. bestehen: → test¹ A 2

6. a) Pate stehen

b) Bürgschaft etc leisten: → security 5, sponsor A 2, surety 1

c) Wache stehen: → guard C 3

7. umg

a) aufkommen für

b) (jemandem) ein Essen etc spendieren:

stand a drink einen ausgeben oder spendieren;

stand a round eine Runde schmeißen; → treat C 3

8. eine Chance haben

* * *
1. intransitive verb,
stood

1) stehen

stand in a line or row — sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (be standing) in einer Reihe stehen

we stood talking — wir standen da und unterhielten uns

2) (have height)

he stands six feet tall/the tree stands 30 feet high — er ist sechs Fuß groß/der Baum ist 30 Fuß hoch

3) (be at level) [Aktien, Währung, Thermometer:] stehen (at auf + Dat.); [Fonds:] sich belaufen (at auf + Akk.); [Absatz, Export usw.:] liegen (at bei)

4) (hold good) bestehen bleiben

my offer/promise still stands — mein Angebot/Versprechen gilt nach wie vor

5) (find oneself, be)

stand convicted of treachery — wegen Verrats verurteilt sein

as it stands, as things stand — wie die Dinge [jetzt] liegen

the law as it stands — das bestehende od. gültige Recht

I'd like to know where I stand — (fig.) ich möchte wissen, wo ich dran bin

stand in need of something — einer Sache (Gen.) dringend bedürfen

6) (be candidate) kandidieren ( for für)

stand in an election — bei einer Wahl kandidieren

stand as a Liberal/Conservative — für die Liberalen/Konservativen kandidieren

stand for Parliament — (Brit.) für einen Parlamentssitz kandidieren

7)

stand proxy for somebody — jemanden vertreten

8) (place oneself) sich stellen

stand in the way of something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) im Weg stehen

[not] stand in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem [keine] Steine in den Weg legen

9) (be likely)

stand to win or gain/lose something — etwas gewinnen/verlieren können
2. transitive verb,
stood

1) (set in position) stellen

stand something on end/upside down — etwas hochkant/auf den Kopf stellen

2) (endure) ertragen; vertragen [Klima]

I can't stand the heat/noise — ich halte die Hitze/den Lärm nicht aus

I cannot stand [the sight of] him/her — ich kann ihn/sie nicht ausstehen

he can't stand the pressure/strain/stress — er ist dem Druck/den Strapazen/dem Stress nicht gewachsen

I can't stand it any longer! — ich halte es nicht mehr aus!; see also time 1. 1)

3) (undergo) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.)

stand trial [for something] — [wegen etwas] vor Gericht stehen

4) (buy)

stand somebody something — jemandem etwas ausgeben od. spendieren (ugs.)
3. noun
1) (support) Ständer, der

2) (stall; at exhibition) Stand, der

3) (raised structure, grandstand) Tribüne, die

4) (resistance) Widerstand, der

take or make a stand — (fig.) klar Stellung beziehen (for/against/on für/gegen/zu)

5) (standing place for taxi, bus, etc.) Stand, der

Phrasal Verbs:

- stand about

- stand aside

- stand back

- stand between

- stand by

- stand down

- stand for

- stand in

- stand out

- stand over

- stand together

- stand up

- stand up for

- stand up to

* * *

(microphone) n.

Stativ -e n. n.

Gestell -e n.

Stand ¨-e m.

Ständer - m. (one's) trial expr.

sich vor Gericht verantworten ausdr. (up) for expr.

eintreten für ausdr. (to tolerate) v.

ertragen prät. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: stood)

= andauern v.

stehen v.

(§ p.,pp.: stand, gestanden)

English-german dictionary > stand
10 test

1. испытание, тест

2. проверка, оценка

3. контроль качества

4. проба

5. испытывать, проверять (see also testing)

6. пробовать

abrasion test — 1) испытание на истирание [абразивный износ] 2) испытание царапанием

abrasive hardness test — 1) склерометрическое испытание на твёрдость 2) склерометрическое определение твёрдости

abruption test — испытание на разрыв

absorption test — испытание на поглощение, определение влагостойкости

accelerated test — 1) ускоренное [сокращённое] испытание 2) экспресс-анализ

acceleration test — испытание на воздействие ускорений

acid-proof test — испытание на кислотостойкость

adhesion test — испытание на адгезию [прочность сцепления], испытание прочности склейки

adhesive test — испытание прочности склейки, испытание на адгезию [прочность сцепления]

adiabatic-compression sensitivity test — испытание на чувствительность ( ракетного топлива) к адиабатическому сжатию

aging test — испытание на старение

air test — 1) испытание в воздушной среде 2) испытание на герметичность 3) испытание сжатым воздухом

alkali-proof test — испытание на щёлочестойкость

alternate-stress test — испытание ( на усталость) знакопеременной нагрузкой

alternating-bending test — испытание на знакопеременный изгиб

antiseptic test — испытание на антисептичность

artificial aging test — испытание на искусственное [ускоренное] старение

atmospheric stress corrosion test — испытание на коррозию под напряжением в атмосферных условиях

attrition test — испытание на износ

ball hardness test — испытание твёрдости вдавливанием шарика, определение твёрдости по Бринелю

indentation pressure test — определение твёрдости по Бринелю, испытание твёрдости вдавливанием шарика

bearing test — испытание на смятие [опорную прочность]

bending test — испытание на изгиб

bend-over test — испытание на изгиб

biaxial tension test — испытание на двухосное растяжение

bird impact test — испытание на пробой тушками птиц

blow test — 1) испытание на удар 2) испытание на ударную прочность

bond test — испытание на сцепление

bonding peel test — испытание на отслаивание склейки

breaking test — 1) испытание на разрушение, испытание на разрыв 2) испытание на излом

breakdown test — 1) испытание на разрушение, испытание на разрыв 2) испытание на излом

Brinell-hardness test — определение твёрдости по Бринелю

brittleness test — испытание на ломкость [хрупкость]

buckling test — испытание на продольный изгиб

bulk dilution test — испытание па всестороннее сжатие

bump test — 1) ударное испытание 2) испытание на ударную прочность

burning test — испытание на горение [горючесть]

burn-off test — испытание выжиганием ( для определения состава связующего)

bursting test — испытание с разрушением образца

cavitation test — испытание на кавитацию

Charpy impact test — испытание на удар по Шарпи, определение ударной вязкости по Шарпи

Charpy V-notch test — определение ударной вязкости образца с V-образным надрезом по Шарпи

charring ablator test — испытание обугливающегося [коксующегося] абляционного материала

chemical test — 1) химическое испытание 2) химический анализ

cleavage test — испытание на расщепление

climatic test — климатическое испытание, испытание на воздействие климатических условий

cold temperature test — испытание на морозостойкость, испытание при низких температурах

combustibility test — испытание на воспламенение [горючесть]

compatibility test — испытание на совместимость

complete destructive test — полное разрушающее испытание

composite test — испытание композиционного материала

compression test — испытание на сжатие

constant load test — испытание при постоянной нагрузке

corrosion test — испытание коррозионностойкости, коррозионное испытание

corrosion fatigue test — испытание на коррозионную усталость

corrosive wear test — испытание на окислительный износ

cracking test — коррозионное испытание на растрескивание

crack-propagation test — испытание на распространение трещин

crash test — испытание на разрушение

creep test — 1) испытание на ползучесть 2) испытание на текучесть

creep-rupture test — испытание на длительную прочность

cripling test — 1) испытание на продольный изгиб 2) испытание на перегиб

critical collapse test — испытание на устойчивость

cross-bending test — испытание на поперечный изгиб

crushing test — 1) испытание на раздавливание 2) испытание на раздробление

cryogenic temperature test — испытание при криогенных [низких] температурах

cupping test — испытание на вытяжку

curing test — испытание на вулканизацию

cycle test — циклическое испытание

cyclic test — циклическое испытание

cycle humidity test — циклическое испытание во влажной среде

cyclic-oxidation test — испытание на циклическое окисление

damping test — 1) испытание демпфирующих свойств 2) испытание на циклическую вязкость

deep-drawing test — испытание на глубокую вытяжку

deflection test — испытание на изгиб [прогиб]

deformation test — испытание на деформацию

delamination test — испытание на отслаивание

destruction test — испытание с разрушением ( образца)

destructive test — испытание с разрушением ( образца)

diamond-pyramide hardness test — определение твёрдости вдавливанием алмазной пирамиды ( по Виккерсу)

dielectric test — испытание диэлектрика [диэлектрических свойств]

direct compression test — испытание на двустороннее сжатие

drifting test — испытание на пробиваемость

drop-weight test — 1) испытание на удар падающим грузом 2) ударное испытание 3) определение ударной вязкости 4) копровое испытание

drop-weight tear test — ударное испытание на разрыв

dry strand test — испытание сухой пряди

ductile test — 1) испытание на вязкость 2) определение ударной вязкости

durability test — испытание на выносливость [долговечность]

dye-penetrant test — испытание методом красок, контроль проникающими красками

dynamic corrosion test — динамическое испытание на коррозию

elasticity test — испытание на упругость [эластичность]

electrolytic corrosion test — 1) испытание на электрохимическую коррозию 2) испытание электролита на коррозию

elevated-temperature test — испытание при повышенных температурах

elongation test — испытание на удлинение [растяжение]

endurance test — 1) испытание на выносливость [усталость] 2) испытание на прочность [стойкость] (например, лака или краски)

endurance tension test — испытание на выносливость при растяжении

endurance torsion test — испытание на выносливость при кручении

environmental test — испытание на воздействие окружающей среды

erosion test — испытание на эрозию

etching test — 1) испытание травлением 2) проба ( металла) травлением

explosive loading test — испытание взрывом, взрывное испытание

external hydrostatic test — испытание на внешнее гидростатическое давление

external pressure test — испытание на внешнее давление

falling ball test — испытание на упругость методом падающего шарика

falling sphere test — испытание на упругость методом падающего шарика

fatigue test — испытание на усталость [выносливость]

final test — испытание до разрушения

fire test — 1) испытание на огнестойкость 2) определение температуры воспламенения 3) огневое испытание ( двигателя)

fire-resistance test — испытание на огнестойкость

flammability test — испытание на воспламеняемость

flash test — определение температуры вспышки, испытание на воспламенение

flat-bending test — испытание на плоский изгиб

flattening test — испытание на сплющивание

flexural impact test — ударное испытание на изгиб

flexure test — испытание на изгиб

fluorescent test — флуоресцентный [люминесцентный] контроль

forging test — испытание на ковкость

fracture test — испытание на излом [разрушение]

freezing test — испытание на замораживание [морозостойкость]

friability test — испытание на хрупкость [ломкость]

friction test — испытание на трение

fuel-resistance test — испытание на топливостойкость

fungus test — испытание на грибостойкость

gamma-ray test — просвечивание гамма-лучами, гаммаграфический контроль

gas impermeability test — испытание на газонепроницаемость

gasoline-resistance test — испытание на бензиностойкость

gas permeability test — испытание на газопроницаемость

hammering test — испытание на ковкость

hanging test — испытание на разрыв подвешиванием грузов к образцу

hardenability test — проба на прокаливаемость

hardness test — испытание на твёрдость, определение твёрдости

heat test — испытание нагревом [на нагрев]

heat-resistance test — испытание на теплостойкость

heat-stability test — испытание на термическую устойчивость

high-pressure test — испытание при высоких давлениях

high-temperature test — 1) испытание на жаростойкость 2) испытание при высоких температурах

high-voltage test — испытание на выносливость высокого напряжения (например, изоляции)

horizontal shear test — испытание на сдвиг [срез] вдоль слоёв

hot test — 1) испытание в горячем состоянии, горячая проба 2) испытание на нагрев

humidity test — испытание во влажной среде

hydraulic pressure test — гидравлическое испытание

hydraulic tension ring test — гидравлическое испытание колец на растяжение

hydrostatic test — гидростатическое испытание

hysteresis test — испытание на гистерезис

immersion test — 1) испытание погружением образца 2) иммерсионный контроль

impact test — 1) испьггание на ударные нагрузки 2) испытание на удар 3) ударное испытание 4) определение ударной вязкости

indentation test — испытание на твёрдость вдавливанием (например, шарика или пирамиды)

insulation test — 1) испытание на изоляцию 2) испытание изоляции

interlaminar shear test — испытание на межслойный сдвиг

interlaminar tensile test — испытание на межслойное растяжение

internal hydrostatic pressure test — испытание на внутреннее гидростатическое давление

Knoop hardness test — испытание на микротвёрдость по Кнупу, определение микротвёрдости по Кнупу

life test — испытание на долговечность

light aging test — испытание на световое старение

light resistance test — испытание на светостойкость

loading test — статическое испытание, испытание нагружением

long-duration test — длительное испытание

long-time creep test — испытание на длительную прочность

low-temperature test — испытание при низких [криогенных] температурах, испытание на морозостойкость

magnetic test — магнитный контроль [дефектоскопия]

magnetic fluid test — магнитный контроль методом суспензии

magnetic particle test — контроль магнитными частицами

magnetic permeability test — испытание на магнитную проницаемость

magnetic perturbation test — контроль методом магнитного возмущения

magnetic powder test — магнитный контроль методом порошков, дефектоскопия магнитным порошком

mechanical test — испытание механических свойств, механические испытания

metallographic test — металлографическое исследование

meteorite-strike test — испытание на пробой [удар] метеоритами

micrograph test — металлографическое исследование

microhardness test — испытание на микротвёрдость, определение микротвёрдости

moisture absorption test — испытание на влагопоглощение

moisture permeability test — испытание на водопроницаемость

moisture-proofness test — испытание на влагостойкость [влагонепроницаемость]

moisture-resistance test — испытание на влагонепроницаемость [влагостойкость]

Mooney viscosity test — определение вязкости по Муни

Naval Ordnance Laboratory ring test — испытание кольцевых образцов по методу лаборатории вооружения ВМС США, испытание колец NOL

NOL ring test — испытание колец NOL, испытание кольцевых образцов по методу лаборатории вооружения ВМС США

NOL multiaxial fatigue test — многоосное испытание колец NOL на усталость

nondestructive test — 1) испытание без разрушения ( образца) 2) неразрушающий контроль

notched-bar impact test — испытание на удар надрезанного образца, определение ударной вязкости надрезанного образца

notched bend test — испытание на изгиб надрезанного образца

notched tensile test — испытание на разрыв надрезанного образца

notch shock test — испытание на ударную вязкость надрезанного образца

odor test — 1) испытание на запах 2) проба на запах

oil-resistance test — испытание на маслостойкость

outdoor exposure test — испытание [выдержка] на открытом воздухе

oven test — испытание на тепловое старение в печи

oxidation test — испытание на окисление

oxygen bomb test — испытание на искусственное старение в кислородной бомбе

ozone aging test — испытание на старение в озоне

peeling test — 1) испытание на отслаивание 2) испытание на отрыв

pendulum impact test — испытание на удар маятниковым копром

penetrant fluid test — контроль проникающей жидкостью

penetrant nondestructive test — контроль проникающим веществом без разрушения ( образца)

performance test — 1) испытание в эксплуатационных условиях 2) определение характеристик ( материала)

plasma torch test — испытание плазменной горелкой

plasticity test — 1) испытание на пластичность 2) определение пластичности

pliability test — 1) определение пластичности 2) испытание на пластичность

plastic range test — определение пределов пластичности

ply separation test — испытание на расслоение [отслоение]

porosity test — проба на пористость ( травлением)

pulling test — испытание на растяжение [разрыв]

pulsed eddy-current test — 1) проверка импульсными вихревыми токами 2) электроиндуктивная дефектоскопия

pure-bending test — испытание на чистый изгиб

qual test — испытание на соответствие техническим условиям

qualification test — испытание на соответствие техническим условиям

quenching test — проба на прокаливаемость

quick test — ускоренное испытание, экспресс-анализ

radiant-heating test — испытание на лучистый нагрев

radiation test — радиационное испытание

radiographic test — 1) радиографический контроль 2) рентгенографический контроль 3) гаммаграфический контроль

rebound test — испытание на эластичность по отскоку

reliability test — испытание на надёжность

repeated compression test — испытание на усталость при многократных сжатиях

repeated impact test — испытание на динамическую выносливость

repeated stress test — испытание на усталость [выносливость] при повторных нагрузках

repeated tension test — испытание на многократное растяжение

resin test — 1) испытание смолы 2) испытание связующего

reverse bending test — испытание на знакопеременный изгиб

ring test — кольцевое испытание, испытание кольцевого образца

Rockwell hardness test — определение твёрдости по Роквеллу

room-temperature burst test — разрывное испытание при комнатной температуре

room-temperature cycle test — циклическое испытание при комнатной температуре

rotational drop test — испытание на маятниковом копре

rupture test — испытание на разрушение [разрыв, прочность]

safe-life test — испытание на безопасный срок хранения ( ракетного топлива)

scleroscope hardness test — определение твёрдости по склероскопу, склероскопическое испытание на твёрдость

scratch hardness test — испытание на твёрдость царапанием, определение твёрдости по Моосу

separation test — испытание на расслоение

service test — испытание в эксплуатационных условиях, эксплуатационное испытание

shearing test — испытание на сдвиг [срез, скалывание]

shock test — испытание на удар, ударное испытание

shock-bending test — испытание на изгиб ударом

Shore indentional test — определение твёрдости по Шору

Shore scleroscope test — определение твёрдости по Шору

short-time test — кратковременное испытание, экспресс-испытание, экспресс-анализ

sieve test — ситовый анализ

sieving test — ситовый анализ

simulated environment test — испытание в условиях, имитирующих окружающую среду

simulated space test — испытание в условиях, имитирующих космические

sintering test — испытание на спекаемость

size test — гранулометрический анализ

sizing test — гранулометрический анализ

sonic test — испытание ультразвуковым методом

space test — испытание в космических условиях

specific-gravity test — определение удельного веса

standard test — 1) стандартное [типовое] испытание 2) стандартная проба

static test — статическое испытание

static-fatigue test — статическое испытание на усталость

static notched bend test — статическое испытание на изгиб надрезанного образца

static vibration test — статическое испытание на вибрацию

stiffness test — испытание на жёсткость

strain-cycling test — испытание методом циклического деформирования

strength test — 1) испытание па прочность 2) определение временного сопротивления

stress-corrosion test — испытание на коррозию под напряжением

stress-durability test — испытание на длительную прочность [статическую усталость]

stress relaxation test — испытание на релаксацию напряжений

stretching test — испытание на растяжение [сопротивление разрыву], испытание на удлинение при разрыве

strip peel test — испытание на отслаивание ленты

structural test — испытание на прочность

tearing test — 1) испытание на разрыв [раздир] 2) испытание на износ

temperature test — температурное испытание, испытание на нагрев

tenacity test — 1) испытание на разрыв 2) испытание на растяжение 3) испытание на вязкость [прилипание]

tensile test — 1) испытание на разрыв 2) испытание на растяжение

tensile fatigue test — испытание на усталость при растяжении

tensile impact test — 1) ударное испытание на разрыв 2) ударное испытание на растяжение

tensile shock test — 1) ударное испытание на растяжение 2) ударное испытание на разрыв

tensile strength test — определение временного сопротивления на растяжение, испытание на разрыв

tension test — 1) испытание на растяжение 2) определение диаграммы растяжения

tension fatigue test — испытание на усталость при растяжении

thermal test — тепловое [термическое] испытание

thermal fatigue test — испытание на термическую усталость, термоциклическое испытание

thermal shock test — испытание на тепловой удар

thermomechanical test — термомеханическое испытание

torque test — испытание на кручение [скручивание]

torsional test — испытание на скручивание [кручение]

torsion shear test — испытание на срез при скручивании

toughness test — испытание на ( ударную) вязкость

tracer test — испытание методом меченых атомов

transverse-bending test — испытание на поперечный изгиб

twisting test — испытание на кручение [скручивание]

uniaxial shear test — испытание на чистый сдвиг

uniaxial tensile test — испытание на одноосное растяжение

uninflammability test — испытание на невоспламеняемость

unnotched tensile test — испытание на разрыв ненадрезанного образца

upsetting test — испытание на раздачу ( труб)

vacuum test — испытание в вакууме

vibration test — испытание на вибрацию [вибропрочность]

vibroacoustic test — виброакустическое испытание

Vickers diamond-pyramide hardness test — определение твёрдости вдавливанием алмазной пирамиды по Виккерсу

Vickers hardness test — испытание на твёрдость по Виккерсу, определение твёрдости по Виккерсу

viscosity test — испытание на вязкость, определение вязкости, реологическое испытание

V-notch test — испытание образца с V-образным надрезом

V-notch impact test — испытание на удар образца с V-образным надрезом

waterproof test — испытание на водостойкость

wearing test — 1) испытание на износ 2) испытание на истирание

weathering test — 1) испытание на старение в атмосферных условиях 2) испытание на погодостойкость

weatherproof test — 1) испытание на погодостойкость 2) испытание на атмосферную коррозию

weight-loss test — испытание на коррозию по убыли веса образца

weldability test — испытание на свариваемость

welding test — испытание на свариваемость

X-ray test — 1) рентгеновское [рентгеноскопическое] испытание 2) рентгеновский [рентгенографический] анализ

English-Russian dictionary of aviation and space materials > test
11 curve

1) кривая

2) изгиб; закругление; кривизна || изгибать(ся); закруглять(ся)

3) (характеристическая) кривая, характеристика; график; диаграмма

4) лекало (чертёжное, швейное)

5) ж.-д. кривая (пути)

6) дорож. разбивать кривую

•

to negotiate a curve — вписываться в кривую (пути);

to round curves — проходить кривые участки пути;

to run through a curve — проходить кривую (пути);

to set out a curve — разбивать кривую

curve of areas of sections — строевая по шпангоутам

curve of areas of waterplanes — строевая по ватерлиниям

curve of (centers of) flotation — катящаяся кривая, кривая центров тяжести площади ватерлинии ( при наклонениях судна)

curve of constant slope — линия откоса

curves of form (of hydrostatic properties) — мор. кривые элементов теоретического чертежа

curve of metacenters — мор. кривая метацентров, метацентрическая обёртка

curve of Persei — кривая Персея, спирическая кривая

curve of transverse areas — строевая по шпангоутам

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A curve
-
Abbot's curve
-
aberration curve
-
adiabatic curve
-
altitude curve
-
amplitude-response curve
-
analytic curve
-
angle-time curve
-
anharmonic curve
-
anhysteretic magnetization curve
-
annealing curve
-
antidromic curve
-
antipedal curve
-
aperture response curve
-
apolar curve
-
backwater surface curve
-
backwater curve
-
ballistic curve
-
bath-tub curve
-
bearing area curve
-
bearing stress curve
-
bell-shaped curve
-
B-H curve
-
binaural curve
-
biquartic curve
-
bitangential curve
-
bitangent curve
-
boiling curve
-
boiling-point curve
-
borderline knock curve
-
bound curves
-
brake performance curve
-
broken-back curve
-
buoyancy curve
-
burning curve
-
calibration curve
-
caliper curve
-
capacity curve
-
catenary curve
-
characteristic current curve
-
characteristic curve
-
characteristic time curve
-
charging curve
-
circular curve
-
climb curve
-
closed curve
-
color response curve
-
commutation curve
-
compound curve
-
compression curve
-
condensation curve
-
confocal curves
-
continuous curve
-
contour curve
-
contrast response curve
-
conveyor curve
-
coordinate curve
-
correction curve
-
cosecant curve
-
cosine curve
-
cotangent curve
-
cross curves of stability
-
cubic curve
-
cumulative property curves
-
current-time curve
-
current-voltage curve
-
damper curve
-
decay curve
-
decline curve
-
decrement curve
-
de-emphasis curve
-
deflection curve
-
deformation curve
-
demagnetization curve
-
depletion curve
-
derating curve
-
dew-point curve
-
dextrorse curve
-
directing curve
-
discharge curve
-
discharge frequency curve
-
discharge voltage-time curve
-
discharging curve
-
displacement curve
-
distillate yield curve
-
distribution curve
-
D-log E curve
-
dose-survival curve
-
drawdown curve
-
drooping volt-ampere curve
-
dry-bulb temperature curve
-
duration curve
-
dynamic stability curve
-
easement curve
-
efficiency curve
-
elastic curve
-
elevation-area curve
-
elution curve
-
empirical curve
-
end point yield curve
-
enthalpy curve
-
entropy curve
-
envelope curve
-
epitrochoidal curve
-
equalization curve
-
equiprobability curve
-
error curve
-
exponential curve
-
faired curve
-
family curve
-
fatigue curve
-
firing curve
-
first-arrival curve
-
fitted curve
-
flash point yield curve
-
flash yield curve
-
flat curve
-
floodable length curve
-
flow curve
-
flow-through curve
-
frequency curve
-
frequency-response curve
-
full-load curve
-
full-load performance curve
-
full-load saturation curve
-
funicular curve
-
gain curve
-
Gaussian curve
-
generating curve
-
generation curve
-
grading curve
-
granulometric curve
-
gravity mid per cent curve
-
growth curve
-
guide curve
-
H and D curve
-
hardening curve
-
harmonic curve
-
head-flow curve
-
heating load curve
-
helical curve
-
horizontal curve
-
Hurter and Driffield curve
-
hydrostatic curves
-
hysteresis curve
-
incremental fuel consumption curve
-
induction-permeability curve
-
infiltration curve
-
integral curve
-
interpolation curve
-
ionization curve
-
irregular curve
-
isentropic curve
-
isobaric curve
-
isobatic curve
-
isochronous curve
-
isoclinic curve
-
isothermal curve
-
isotime curve
-
isotropic curve
-
lag curve
-
launching curves
-
lead curve
-
learning curve
-
level curve
-
limit curve
-
load curve
-
load-deflection curve
-
load-duration curve
-
load-extension curve
-
load-opening displacement curve
-
load-strain curve
-
load-time curve
-
logarithmic curve
-
luminosity curve
-
magnetization curve
-
Mayor curve
-
mean temperature-time curve
-
no-load curve
-
normal curve
-
normal traveltime curve
-
normalized magnetization curve
-
O-curve
-
overload curve
-
parameter curve
-
particle-size distribution curve
-
part-load curve
-
pay load-range curve
-
pedal curve
-
performance curve
-
permeability curve
-
plane curve
-
polar curve
-
potential curve
-
power-angle curve
-
preemphasis curve
-
pressure curve
-
pressure drawdown curve
-
probability curve
-
propeller performance curves
-
quadric curve
-
quartic curve
-
quintic curve
-
railroad curve
-
railway curve
-
rate-of-failure curve
-
rating curve
-
recession curve
-
reciprocity curve
-
recovery curve
-
rectifiable curve
-
refrigerant flow curve
-
regression curve
-
regulation curve
-
remanence curve
-
remarkable curve
-
resistance curve
-
resistance variation curve
-
resonance curve
-
response curve
-
reverse curve
-
righting arms curve
-
righting arm curve
-
righting moment curve
-
rising-stage curve
-
room temperature curve
-
runoff curve
-
sag vertical curve
-
saturation curve
-
secant curve
-
self-polar curve
-
sensitivity curve
-
sensitometric curve
-
sextic curve
-
sharp curve
-
sheer curve
-
short radius curve
-
short-circuit curve
-
simple curve
-
sine curve
-
sinistrorse curve
-
sizing curve
-
sliding curve
-
slip-current curve
-
smooth curve
-
space curve
-
spectral-distribution curve
-
spectral-response curve
-
speed performance curve
-
speed-load curve
-
spiral curve
-
spur conveyor curve
-
stability curve
-
standardization curve
-
statical stability curve
-
stationary curve
-
steam-pressure curve
-
steep curve
-
step curve
-
stratification curve
-
stress-strain curve
-
stripping curve
-
subsequent fracture curve
-
superheat curve
-
swing curve
-
tangent curve
-
tangential curve
-
temperature curve
-
temperature-depth curve
-
temperature-viscosity curve
-
test curve
-
thrust curve
-
tide curve
-
time-gamma curve
-
time-light curve
-
time-temperature-transformation curve
-
tons per inch curve
-
torque curve
-
torque-angle curve
-
torque-speed curve
-
torque-vs-displacement curve
-
total heat curve
-
track curve
-
transfer curve
-
transient curve
-
transition boiling curve
-
transition curve
-
translation curve
-
transversal curve
-
trochoidal curve
-
TTT curve
-
turnout curve
-
universal curve
-
vapor-pressure curve
-
vapor curve
-
vertical curve
-
vertical travel-time curve
-
viscosity mid per cent curve
-
volumetric efficiency curve
-
washability curve
-
wear-time curve
-
wet-bulb temperature curve
-
Wohler's curve
-
work-hardening curve
-
yield curve

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > curve
12 test

испытание; исследование; опыт, проба; проверка; обнаружение; определение; показатель пробы; характеристика продукта (результат пробы); II испытывать; подвергать испытанию; пробовать; исследовать; делать опыты

- test bar

- test bed

- test bench

- test block
- test by bending and unbending
- test car

- test cell

- test certificate

- test chamber

- test club

- test cock

- test coil
- test conditions - test cubicle
- test data

- test desk

- test-drive

- test driver

- test engineer

- test equipment

- test facility
- test facilities - test fan - test figures - test for durability - test for ground - test for parallelism - test for short - test gauge - test glass - test hause - test lamp
- test load

- test-meter
- test method - test miles per day - test mixer - test period - test pick
- test piece

- test plant

- test point
- test pressure - test prod - test pulse
- test pump

- test report
- test results
- test rig

- test-rig failure
- test-room
- test run

- test specification

- test stand

- test the instrument
- test to destruction - test tunnel - test unit - test vehicle - test work
- abrasion test

- abruption test

- absorption test

- accelerated test

- accelerated corrosion test

- accelerated wear test

- acceleration test

- acceptance test

- acid test

- adhesion test

- ageing test

- air test

- air-oven ageing test

- air pressure test

- alternate stress test

- alternating bending test

- alternating impact test

- alternating stress test

- alternating torsion fatigue test

- angular test

- appearance test

- arbitration test

- axial test

- back-and-forth bending test

- backward and forward bending test

- ball test

- ball indentation test

- ball pressure test

- bean rotating fatigue test

- beam-strength test

- belt test

- bench test

- bend test

- bend-over test

- bending test

- bending and unbending test

- bending-under-tension test

- block test

- blow bending test

- boring test

- brake test

- brake horse-power test
- break down test
- breaking test

- bridge test

- Brinell hardness test

- brittleness test

- buckling test

- bulging test

- bump test

- bumping test

- bursting test

- calibration test

- calorimeter test

- car road test

- chassis test

- check test

- check routine test

- closure test

- coking test

- cold test

- cold adhesion test

- cold-room test

- cold-start test
- color test
- commercial test

- comparability test

- comparative test

- comparison test

- comprehensive test

- compression test

- Conradson carbon test

- consumption test

- cooling test

- corrosion test

- corrosive wear test

- crack test
- crash test
- creep test

- crippling test

- cross-bending test

- cross breaking test

- cross-wind test

- crushing test

- curing test

- damping test

- day-to-day test

- decantation test

- deflection test

- deformation test

- destruction test

- destructive test

- development test

- discharging test

- distillation test

- doubling test

- drawbar test

- drawing test

- drift test

- driving test

- drop test

- drop hardness test

- drop-weight test

- ductility test

- duplicate test

- durability cobblestone road test

- duration road test

- dust test

- dynamic test

- dynamic compression test

- dynamic endurance test

- dynamic indentation test

- dynamic tensile test

- dynamometer test

- efficiency test

- elongation test

- end-quench hardenability test

- endurance test

- endurance road test

- endurance torsion test

- engine rig test

- environmental test

- Ericksen cupping test

- etching test

- evaluation test
- exaggerated test - exhaustive test - exposure test
- fabric test

- factory test

- fade test

- falling sphere test

- falling weight test

- fatigue test

- fatigue bending test

- fatigue tension test

- field test

- field service test

- file test

- film stripping test

- fire test

- flame-resistance test

- flame-torch test

- flange test

- flanging test

- flash test

- flattening test

- flexing test

- flexure test

- float test

- flow test

- folding test

- fracture test

- freeze-thaw test

- freezing test

- friability test

- fuel test

- fuel consumption test

- fuel dilution test

- full-scale test

- fundamental test

- gas impermeability test

- grab test

- green test

- guarantee test

- hammer test

- hammering test

- hand test

- hanging test

- hardenability test

- hardness test

- heat test

- heat ageing test

- heat resistance test
- heavy duty test
- high-power test

- high-torque test

- high-torque - low-speed test
- hill climbing test
- hot test

- hot bending test

- hot-desert test

- hot etching test

- hot tensile test

- hydraulic test

- hydraulic pressure test

- hydrostatic test

- immersion test

- impact test

- impact bend test

- impact bending test

- impact compression test

- impact endurance test

- impact tensile test

- indentation test

- indicator test

- inflammability test

- insulation test

- Jominy test

- jumping-up test

- knock test

- laboratory test

- lacquer test

- large-scale field test

- leakage test

- length-of-life test

- lengthy test

- life test

- light-duty test

- load test

- loading test

- lock test

- long duration test

- long-run test

- low-temperature test

- magnaflux test

- manoeuvring test

- maximum speed test

- model test

- moisture test

- moisture absorption test

- multiple blow test

- murderous test

- natural condition test

- non-destructive test

- normal test

- notch bar test

- notch bar bending test

- notch bar impact test

- notch pull test

- odd test

- odour test

- off-the-road test

- official test

- official acceptance test

- oil-film test
- oil-immersion test
- oil-spot test

- on-the-ground test

- on-the-road test

- open voltage test

- optional test

- output test

- oven-ageing test

- overload test

- overspeed test

- oxidation test

- paint drying test
- paint rub test - palm test
- penalty test

- pendulum test

- impact test

- penetration test
- percentage test - percussion test - performance test - periodic test - physical test - pitting corrosion test - plasticity test - porosity test - pour test - pouring test - preliminaryt test - pressure test - production test - production typical test - programme test - proof test - protracted test - psychotechnic test - pull test - pulling test - punching test - qualification test - quality test - quantitative test - quick test - rebound hardness test - reception test - recovery test - red-heat test - repair test - repeated test - repeated bending stress test - repeated compression test - repeated direct stress test - repeated dynamic stress test - repeated impact test - repeated impact tension test - repeated stress test - repeated tensile stress test - repeated tension test - repeated torsion test - repetition test - replicated field test - resilience test - retardation test - reverse bend test - rig test - rigid test - road test - roll-over test - rolling acceleration test - rotating bar fatigue test - rotating beam fatigue test - rough test - rough-track test - routine test - running test - rupture test - safety test - scratch test - scratch oil test - screening test - scuffing test - separation test - service test
- severe test

- severe-duty test
- shake test - shock test
- shock loading test

- shop test

- Shore hardness test
- short-circuit test - short-time test - simulated test - single test - skid test - skid pad test - roadability test - slow-speed test - small-scale test - soil test - sonic test - standard distillation test - starting test - static test - static torsional test - steering test - step test - stiffness test - stop-and-go test - stop-start test - stopping and starting test
- strength test

- stretching test
- stroking test - structure test - tactical test
- tear-resistance test

- tenacity test
- tensile and compression test - tensile fatigue test - test tensile impact test - tensile shock test - thermal test - tilting test - torque test - torsion test - torsion impact test - toughness test - towing test - transverse test - transverse bending test - trial test - triaxial compression test - twisting test - type test - ultrasonic test - understandability test - underwater test - vehicle drag test - vehicle road test - vibration test - vibratory test - visibility test - volatility test - warpage test - warranty test - water test - water-absorption test - water-resistance test - wear test - wearing test - weather-exposure test - weather-resistance test - weathering test - wheel test - whirling test - wind-tunnel test

Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > test
13 scale

1) окалина; нагар; изгарь; плена; накипь

2) образовывать окалину или накипь

3) удалять окалину или накипь

4) неочищенный парафин

5) шкала

6) штриховая мера длины; масштабная линейка

7) масштаб || определять масштаб, масштабировать; изменять масштаб; сводить к определённому масштабу

8) мн. ч. весы

9) чашка весов

10) взвешивать

11) электрон. степень интеграции

12) вчт. система счисления

13) пищ. чешуя; чешуйка; шелуха || удалять чешую; отделяться чешуйками

•

at scales — в масштабе;

to scale down — 1. представлять что-л. в уменьшенном масштабе 2. редуцировать, уменьшать ( изображение) 3. (пропорционально) уменьшать размеры ( элементов ИС) 4. делить на константу;

to scale off — 1. выкрашиваться, крошиться (о камне, горной породе) 2. отслаивать(ся); шелушиться 3. удалять окалину 4. отбивать накипь 5. снимать [измерять\] что-л. в масштабе;

to draw to scale — чертить [вычерчивать\] в масштабе;

to generate a time scale — строить [создавать\] шкалу времени;

to maintain a time scale — поддерживать [хранить\] шкалу времени;

to mark off a scale in logarithmic units — градуировать шкалу в логарифмических единицах;

to place a scale on a dial — градуировать шкалу, наносить отметки шкалы на циферблат;

to realize a time scale on a dial — воспроизводить шкалу времени на циферблате часов;

to retain a scale — поддерживать [хранить\] шкалу (напр. времени);

to scale up — 1. представлять что-л. в увеличенном масштабе 2. увеличивать ( изображение) 3. умножать на константу;

scale with central zero — шкала с нулевой отметкой посередине, двусторонняя шкала;

scale with left-hand zero — шкала с нулевой отметкой слева

-
absolute-temperature scale
-
aligning scale
-
alkali-promoted steel mill scale
-
annual time scale
-
antiknock rating reference fuel scale
-
antiparallax mirror scale
-
API hydrometer scale
-
API scale
-
arbitrary scale
-
arc scale
-
atomic scale
-
atomic time scale
-
atomic weight scale
-
automatic weighing scales
-
automatic scales
-
bagging scale
-
batching scales
-
beam scale
-
Beaufort scale
-
belt conveyor scales
-
bench-type scales
-
binary scale
-
boiler scale
-
brightness scale
-
calibrated divided scale
-
calibration scale
-
car scales
-
CCT-64 scale
-
Celsius scale
-
centered scale
-
centigrade scale
-
charging scales
-
chromatic scale
-
chroma scale
-
circular scale
-
clock time scale
-
colorimetric scale
-
color scale
-
complete number scale
-
constant-interval scale
-
constant-pressure gas thermometry scale
-
constant-volume gas thermometry scale
-
constant-volume hydrogen scale
-
continuous tone density scale
-
convective scale
-
conventional scale
-
conveyor scales
-
coordinate scale
-
crane scales
-
Curie-temperature scale
-
curved scale
-
CVGT scale
-
decimal scale
-
depth scale
-
derived scale
-
dial scale
-
direct-measurement scale
-
direct scale
-
direct-reading scale
-
displacement scale
-
distance scale
-
divided scale
-
dot gain scale
-
drawn-in scale
-
electronic railcar scales
-
Engler scale
-
equidistant scale
-
expanded scale
-
exposure scale
-
extended scale
-
Fahrenheit scale
-
finely subdivided scale
-
fire scale
-
fish scale
-
flat-disk scale
-
floodlight scale
-
floor scales
-
focusing scale
-
Forel-Ula's color scale
-
Forel scale
-
forklift truck scales
-
frosted scale
-
fuel measurement scale
-
full scale
-
furnace scale
-
Giaque's temperature scale
-
gray scale
-
hardness scale
-
heavy scale
-
helium temperature scale
-
high-temperature scale
-
hopper scales
-
hue scale
-
hump scales
-
hydrogen scale
-
hydrogen temperature scale
-
ideal-gas scale
-
illuminated scale
-
image scale
-
indicating scale
-
indicator scale
-
industrial scales
-
instrument scale
-
integration scale
-
intensity scale
-
International Practical Temperature scale
-
international scale
-
Kelvin temperature scale
-
light-capacity scales
-
line scale
-
linear scale
-
line-standard scale
-
logarithmic scale
-
loudness scale
-
low-temperature scale
-
magnetic scale
-
magnetic temperature scale
-
magnetic-acoustic temperature scale
-
magnitude scale
-
margin scale
-
mean-time scale
-
measuring device scale
-
mechanical scales
-
Mercalli scale
-
meter scale
-
mill-roll scale
-
mired scale
-
mirror scale
-
MM scale
-
Modified Mercalli scale
-
Mohs scale
-
motor-truck scales
-
natural scale
-
Nernst hydrogen scale
-
nominal scale
-
nonglare scale
-
nonlinear scale
-
normal hydrogen scale
-
normalizing scale
-
number scale
-
numbered scale
-
octane scale
-
one-meter scale
-
optical scale
-
ordinal scale
-
overhead track scales
-
overlaid scale
-
packing house scales
-
paper scale
-
paraffin scale
-
paramagnetic-salt temperature scale
-
paramagnetic temperature scale
-
pendulum scales
-
photometric scale
-
physical scale
-
pipe scale
-
pitless scales
-
platform scales
-
platinum resistance thermometer scale
-
practical salinity scale
-
practical scale
-
precision scale
-
primary scale
-
primary thermometry scale
-
projection scale
-
provisional scale
-
pyrheliographic scale
-
radiation scale of temperature
-
radiometric scale
-
Rankine scale
-
ratio scale
-
reading scale
-
Reaumur scale
-
receiver tuning scale
-
recording scales
-
reduced scale
-
reduction scale
-
Redwood scale
-
reference scale
-
regular scale
-
relative scale
-
reproducible scale
-
reproduction scale
-
resistance thermometer scale
-
Richter scale
-
rider bar scale
-
rider scale
-
Rinman scale
-
Rockwell hardness scale
-
roll scale
-
rolled-in scale
-
Rossi-Forel scale
-
salt-pan scale
-
Saybolt scale
-
scale of magnification
-
scale of physical quantity
-
scale of turbulence
-
seasonal time scale
-
secondary scale
-
segmental scale
-
sensitivity scale
-
set-point scale
-
Shore hardness scale
-
sieve scale
-
snow scale
-
soft dot scale
-
solid hydrocarbon scale
-
space-time scale
-
splash scale
-
spring scales
-
standard scale
-
state of sea scale
-
static scales
-
straight scale
-
subgrid scale
-
subsynoptic scale
-
synoptic scale
-
table-type scales
-
temper scale
-
temperature scale
-
thermodynamic pressure scale
-
thermodynamic temperature scale
-
time scale
-
tone scale
-
tonnage scale
-
total life scale
-
track scales
-
transparent aligning scale
-
uniform scale
-
unit-weight scales
-
universal-time scale
-
vernier scale
-
Vickers hardness scale
-
water scale
-
white scale
-
yarn scales

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > scale
14 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. The Oxford Book of Portuguese Verse: XIIth Century-XXth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1925, 1952 (2nd edition, B. Vi-digal, ed.).

   ■. Portuguese Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922, 1970 (2nd edition, B. Vidigal, ed.).

   ■ Bleiberg, German, Maureen Ihrie, and Janet Pérez, eds. Dictionary of the Literature of the Iberian Peninsula, 2 vols. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1993.

   ■ Castro, Francisco Lyon de, ed. História da literatura portuguesa, 7 vols. Lisbon: Alfa, 2001-02.

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   ■ The Military

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   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

   ■. "Local Government and Political Culture in a Portuguese Rural County." Comparative Politics 13 (April 1981): 271-89.

   ■. "Portugal's Administrative Elite: Social Origins and Political Attitudes." West European Politics 6 (Jan. 1983): 63-74.

   ■. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■ Pinto Balsemão, Francisco. "The Constitution and Politics: Options for the Future." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 197-232. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Sartori, Giovanni. "Portugal." In Sartori, G, ed., Parties and Party Systems. Vol. 1, 131-45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Secretary of State for Mass Communications. Constitution of the Portuguese Republic [1976]. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Contemporary Portugal since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. A Ilusão do poder: Analise do Sistema Partidário, 19761982. Lisbon, 1983. Almeida, Diniz de. Orígens e Evolução do Movimento dos Capitães. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. Ascensao, Apogeu e Queda do MFA, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Alves, Márcio Moreira. Les Soldats Socialistes du Portugal. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. Sá Carneiro: Um Meteoro Nos Anos Setenta. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. O Segredo do 25 de Novembro. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

   ■, and C. V. Preto, eds. A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.

   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

   ■, coord. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer 2000): 1-404. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 21-42. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1984.

   ■. "Portugal Fifteen Years after the April Revolution." Field Staff Reports ( 1989-90/ No. 1, Europe), 3-11. Indianapolis, Ind.: Universities Field Staff International, 1990.

   ■, and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Ortelo Saraiva de. Cinco Meses Mudaram Portugal. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antônio, ed. Modern Portugal. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

   ■. "Portugal and Western Europe." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 29-62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Farinha, Luis. "Regresso a Europa. Uma opcao feliz." Historia. XXIX; 95, III series (March 2007), 23-33.

   ■ Faye, Jean-Pierre, ed. Portugal: The Revolution in the Labyrinth. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1976. Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall. Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Figueira, João Costa. Cavaco Silva: Homem de Estado. Lisbon, 1987. Filoche, Gérard. Printemps Portugais. Paris: Editions Action, 1984. Frémontier, Jacques. Os Pontos nos ii. Lisbon, 1976. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 25 de Abril-10 anos depois. Lisbon, 1984. Futscher Pereira, Bernardo. "Portugal and Spain." In K. Maxwell, ed. Portugal in the 1980s, 63-87. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Gama, Jaime. Política Externa Portuguesa 1983-85: Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Preface." In J. Calvet de Magalhães, A. de Vasconcelos, and J. Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.

   ■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.

   ■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.

   ■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.

   ■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.

   ■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.

   ■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.

   ■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

   ■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]

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   ■ Fagundes, Francisco Cota. Hard Knocks: An Azorean-American Odyssey.

   ■ [Memoir]. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000. Felix, John Henry, and Peter F. Senecal. The Portuguese in Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii: Authors' edition, 1978. Fernandes, Ferreira. Os Primos da América. Lisbon: Relógio D'Agua, 1991. Ferreira, Eduardo de Sousa. As orígens e formas de emigração. Lisbon, 1976. Freitas, J. F. Portuguese-American Memories. Honolulu, Hawaii, 1930.

   ■ Giles, Wenona. "Motherhood and Wage Labour in London, England: Portuguese Migrant Women and the Politics of Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. University of Toronto, 1987.

   ■ Higgs, David, ed. Portuguese Migration in Global Perspective. Ontario: Multicultural Historical Society of Ontario, 1990.

   ■ Klimt, Andrea. "Portuguese Migrants in Germany: Class, Ethnicity and Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Stanford University, 1987.

   ■ Lavigne, Gules. Les ethniques et la ville: L'aventure des immigrants portugais à Montreal. Montreal: Preamble, 1987.

   ■ Leder, Hans Howard. Cultural Persistence in a Portuguese-American Community. New York: Arno Press, 1980.

   ■ Lewis, J. R., and A. M. Williams. "Emigrants and Retornados: A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Impact of Return Migration in the Região Centro." In E. D. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 227-50. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ McCabe, Marsha L., and Joseph D. Thomas, eds. Portuguese Spinner: An American Story; Stories of History, Culture and Life from Portuguese Americans in Southeastern New England. New Bedford, Mass.: Spinner, 1998.

   ■ Marques, D., and J. Medeiros. Portuguese Immigrants: 25 Years in Canada. Toronto: West End YMCA, 1989.

   ■ Martins, J. Oliveira. Fomento Rural e emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Mira, Manuel. The Forgotten Portuguese: The Melungeons and Other Groups; The Portuguese Making of America. Franklin, N.C.: Portuguese-American Historical Research Foundation, 1998.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal." Economia e Sociedade (Lisbon) 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ Nunes, Maria Luisa. A Portuguese Colonial in America: Belmira Nunes Lopes; The Autobiography of a Cape Verdean-American. Pittsburgh, Penn.: Latin American Literary Review Press, 1982.

   ■ Oliver, Lawrence. Never Backward: The Autobiography of Lawrence Oliver; A Portuguese-American. San Diego, 1972.

   ■ Pap, Leo. The Portuguese-Americans. Boston: Twayne, 1981.

   ■ Pereira, Miriam Halpern. A Política Portuguesa de Emigraçao, 1850 a 1930. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Pereira da Rosa, Victor M., and Salvato V. Trigo. "Elementos para uma Caracterização da Família Imigrante Portuguesa na Africa do Sul." Economia e Sociologia 41 (1986): 61-71.

   ■. Azorean Emigration: A Preliminary Overview. Oporto: Fernando Pessoa University, 1994.

   ■. Portugueses e Moçambicanos no Apartheid: Da Ficção à Realidade. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Purves, James. "Portuguese in Bermuda." Bermuda Historical Quarterly 3 (1946): 133-42.

   ■ Ribeiro, F. G. Cassola. Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da. "La Sociologie des Migrations au Portugal." Current Sociology 32, 2 (Summer 1984): 175-98.

   ■. "Towards Reintegration of Emigrants." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and Guy Clausse, eds., Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal, 183-94. Saarbrücken: Breitenbach, 1985.

   ■. "Emigração." In Dicionario Illustrado Da História De Portugal ( 1985): 205-7.

   ■. A Emigração. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Espaços de herança cultural portuguesa-gentes, factos, políticas." Analise Social (Lisbon) XXIV (1988): 313-51.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da, and Jorge Arroteia. Bibliografia da Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Americans of Portuguese Descent: A Lesson in Differentiation. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1974.

   ■. Testemunhos sobre a Emigração Portuguesa: Antologia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Silva, F. Emídio da. A Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Silva, Manuela, et al. Retorno, Emigração e Desenvolvimento Regional em Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Simões, Mário Pinto. O Emigrante Português: Processos de Adaptação ( o exemplo da Suiça). Oporto, 1985.

   ■ Simões, Nuno. O Brasil e a Emigração Portuguesa. Coimbra, 1934.

   ■ Sousa Ferreira, Eduardo de, and Guy Clausse, eds. Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal. Saarbrucken: Verlag Breitenbach, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Sea to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Vicente, António Luís. Os Portuguese Nos Estados Unidos Da América: Política De Comunidades E Comunidade Política. Lisbon: FLAD, 1998.

   ■ Viera, David, et al. Portuguese in the United States: A Bibliography ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Essay Number 6 in Essays in Portuguese Studies. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1989.

   ■ Williams, Jerry. And Yet They Come: Portuguese Immigration from the Azores to the United States. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1982.

   ■ Portugal's Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeiras)

   ■ Biddle, Anthony J. Drexel. The Madeira Islands, 2 vols. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1900.

   ■ Bryans, Robin. Madeira, Pearl of the Atlantic. London: Robert Hale, 1959.

   ■. The Azores. London: Faber & Faber, 1963.

   ■ Cooke, Rupert Croft. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Cossart, Noel. Madeira— the Island Vineyard. London: Christie's, 1984.

   ■ Da Silva, Fernando Augusto, and Carlos Azevedo de Menezes. Elucidário Madeirense, 3 vols. Funchal, 1940.

   ■ Duncan, T. Bentley. Atlantic Islands in the Seventeenth Century: Madeira, the Azores and the Cape Verdes in Seventeenth-Century Commerce andNavigation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.

   ■ Guill, James H. A History of the Azores Islands. Menlo Park, Calif.: Author's Edition, 1972.

   ■ Instituto Histórico Da Ilha Terceira [Azores]. Os Açores E O Atlântico ( Séculos XIV-XVII) [Proceedings of International Colloquium, August 1983]. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira Island, Azores, 1984.

   ■ Koebel, William Henry. Madeira Old and New. London: Griffiths, 1909.

   ■ Mee, Jules. Histoire de la découverte des Iles Açores. Ghent, 1901.

   ■ Peres, Damião. A Madeira sob os donatórios-Séculos XV e XVI. Funchal, 1914.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Atlantic Islanders of the Azores and Madeiras. North Quincy, Mass.: Christopher House, 1979.

   ■ Serpa, Caetano Valadão. A Gente Dos Açores. Identificaçao-Emigraçio E Religiosidade: Séculos XVI-XX. Lisbon: 1978.

   ■ Silva, J. Donald. "With Columbus in Madeira." Portuguese Studies Review (Durham, NH) I, 1 (Spring-Summer 1991).

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Azores and the United States (1787-1987): Two Hundred Years of Shared History." Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira XLV (1988): 55-71.

   ■ Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (1373-Present)

   ■ Almada, José de. A Aliança Inglesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1947.

   ■. Para a história da aliança luso-britânica. Lisbon, 1955.

   ■ Atkinson, William C. British Contributions to Portuguese and Brazilian Studies. London: British Council, 1974.

   ■ Bourne, Kenneth. The Foreign Policy of Victorian England 1830-1902. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

   ■ British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■ British Community Council of London. Souvenir Brochure Commemorating the 600th Anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Alliance and Friendship, 1373-1973. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. Portugal na Alvorada do Século XX. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello "Aliança Inglesa." Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira da Cultura. Vol. 1 (1963): 1270-1271.

   ■. "L'alliance Anglo-Portuguese: Histoire et situation actuelle." Chronique de politique etrangére (Paris) XX, 6 (1967): 695-708.

   ■. Portugal e a Internacionalização dos Problemas Africanos. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Castro, Armando. A dominação inglesa em Portugal. Estudo seguido de Antologia Textos dos Sécs. XVIII e XIX. Oporto: Afrontamento, 1972.

   ■ Crollen, Luc. Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1973.

   ■. "Portugal." In O. De Raeymaeker et al. Small Powers in Alignment, 27-96. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1974.

   ■ Cunha Leal, Francisco. Portugal e Inglaterra. Corunna, 1932.

   ■ Davidson, Basil. "The Oldest Alliance Faces a Crisis." In Philip Masonm, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 138-60. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■ Duff, Katherine. "The War and the Neutrals." In Arnold and Veronica Toyn-bee, eds., Survey of International Affairs. London: Chatham House, 1956.

   ■ Duffy, James. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.

   ■ Epstein, John. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1373-1973." World Survey (London) 54 (June 1973): p. 18.

   ■ Ferreira, José Medeiros. Estudos de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General L. O Poder Militar Da Gran-Bretanha E A Aliança Anglo-Lusa. Coimbra, 1939.

   ■. A Cooperaçio Anglo-Portuguesa na Grande Guerra de 1914-18. Lisbon, 1942.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal 1691-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

   ■. Portugal 1715-1808. London: Tamesis, 1985.

   ■ Freitas, A. Barjona de. A Questão Ingleza. Lisbon, 1891.

   ■ Gonçalves, Caetano. A Aliança Luso-Britânica e o Domínio Colonial Português. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Guedes, Armando Marques. A Aliança Inglesa: Notas de História diplomática, 1383-1943. Lisbon, 1943. Halpern Pereira, Miriam. Revoluçio, finanças, dependência externa. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Howorth, A. H. D'Araujo Scott. A Aliança Luso-Britânica E A Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorne, 1970.

   ■ Lawrence, L. Nehru Seizes Goa. New York: Pageant, 1963.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance: Historical Perspective." 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 7-15. Lisbon: BBC, 1973.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Borges de. História Diplomática Portuguesa-Constantes e Linhas de Força. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Manoel, J. de Câmara. Portugal e Inglatterra. Lisbon, 1909.

   ■ Martinez, Pedro S. História Diplomática de Portugal. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Medlicott, W. N. The Economic Blockade, Vol. II. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1952.

   ■ Oliveira, Pedro Aires. Os Despojos Da Alianca. A Gra-Bretanha e a questao colonial portuguesa 1945-1975. Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2007. Ortigão, Ramalho. John Bull. Lisbon, 1887.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1646 to 1668. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1925.

   ■. Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. London: Voss & Michael, 1935.

   ■ Russell, Peter E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. Sarmento, J. E. Morães. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Coast Defense. London, 1908.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. "O Ultimatum (January 1890)." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. IV (1971): 219-24.

   ■ Shafaat, Ahmed Khan, ed. Anglo-Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay, 1660-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
15 control

1) управление; регулирование; регулировка || управлять; регулировать; задавать

2) контроль; проверка || контролировать; проверять

3) орган управления; орган регулировки, регулятор; орган настройки

4) устройство управления; блок управления

5) система управления

6) рукоятка или рычаг управления

7) профилактические мероприятия, надзор

•

control by fuel delivery — качественное регулирование мощности ( двс);

"operation is under control" — всё предусмотрено для нормальной работы;

to gain control — вчт. получать управление:

to go out of control — становиться неуправляемым;

to operate ( to handle) the flight controls — оперировать органами управления полётом;

to pass control — вчт. передавать управление;

to relinquish control — передавать управление ( другому члену экипажа);

to return control — вчт. возвращать управление;

to take over control — брать управление на себя;

to transfer control — вчт. передавать управление

-
2-handed controls

-
acceleration control

-
acceptance control

-
access control

-
adaptive control

-
adaptive grasping force control

-
adjacent control

-
advance control

-
advanced control

-
aerodrome control

-
aerodynamic control

-
aerodynamic roll control

-
air control

-
air mixture control

-
air pollution control

-
air traffic control

-
aircraft sanitary control

-
airflow control

-
air-spring pressure control

-
airways control

-
alignment control

-
amplification control

-
anode control

-
anticipating control

-
antiskid control

-
aperiodic control

-
approach control

-
arc control

-
area flight control

-
astigmatism control

-
attitude flight control

-
audio-fidelity control

-
audio-level control

-
audio-level control

-
audio-volume control

-
autofeed control

-
automatic boost control

-
automatic control

-
automatic deposition control

-
automatic excitation control

-
automatic frequency control

-
automatic gain control

-
automatic iris control

-
automatic light control

-
automatic overload control

-
automatic phase control

-
automatic range control

-
automatic retarder control

-
automatic selectivity control

-
automatic sensitivity control

-
automatic speed control

-
automatic tension control

-
automatic tool size control

-
automatic train control

-
automatic volume control

-
automatic-tracking control

-
autopilot control

-
avalanche control

-
axleload control

-
background control

-
backup control

-
balance control

-
bandwidth control

-
bang-bang control

-
bank control

-
bass control

-
batch control

-
battery-feed control

-
beam control

-
bias control

-
bilateral control

-
biofouling control

-
black-level control

-
blade float control

-
blast volume control

-
blast-furnace controls

-
bleed-off speed control

-
boiler carry-over control

-
boost control

-
boundary layer control

-
brake control

-
brightness control

-
brightness control

-
brightness control

-
brilliance control

-
brilliance control

-
brilliancy control

-
built-in control

-
bulldozer lift control

-
bypass capacity control

-
bypass type of temperature control

-
cable control

-
carburetor controls

-
cascaded control

-
cathode control

-
centering control

-
central control

-
centralized control

-
centralized traffic control

-
channel control

-
chemical control

-
choke control

-
choke type of temperature control

-
chroma control

-
climate control

-
closed-loop control

-
closed-loop-excitation control

-
CO/O2 combustion control

-
coarse control

-
collective pitch control

-
color control

-
color register control

-
color-balance control

-
color-phase control

-
color-saturation control

-
combustion soot control

-
command control

-
communications control

-
compensator control

-
complex control

-
computer control

-
computer numerical control

-
computerized process control

-
concatenation control

-
condenser macrofouling control

-
condensing pressure limiting control

-
configuration control

-
consistent control

-
constant altitude control

-
constant horsepower control

-
constant pressure control

-
contactless control

-
contactor-type control

-
contamination control

-
continuous control

-
continuous-path control

-
contrast control

-
control of measuring instruments

-
conversational control

-
coolant flow control

-
coordinate programmable control

-
coordinated control

-
corrosion control

-
countercell control

-
counterweight swing control

-
course gage control

-
crest control

-
crowd limiting control

-
crown control

-
crystal control

-
current-mode control

-
cyclic pitch control

-
damage control

-
data exchange control

-
data-link control

-
daylight control

-
deadbeat-response control

-
deceleration spark advance control

-
decentralized control

-
decoupled control

-
delayed automatic gain control

-
delivery control

-
derivative control

-
dew-point control

-
diaphragm control

-
differential control

-
differential gaging control

-
differential gain control

-
differential lock control

-
diffusion control

-
digital control

-
digital engine control

-
dipswitch control

-
direct control

-
direct digital control

-
direct sizing control

-
directional control

-
dispatcher control

-
display screen size control

-
distance control

-
distributed control

-
distribution control

-
distributor electronic control

-
dosimetry control

-
double-end control

-
downhill speed control

-
downstream control

-
dozer tilt control

-
drive speed sensing hydraulic control

-
dry-bulb temperature control

-
dual control

-
dual-pressure control

-
dust control

-
dust emission control

-
dynamic beam control

-
dynamic brake control

-
ecologically sound control

-
eddy-current brake control

-
edge control

-
effluent control

-
electrical control

-
electronic control

-
electronic patterning control

-
electronic reverse shift inhibitor control

-
electronic-pneumatic control

-
elevator control

-
emergency control

-
emergency valve control

-
emission control

-
end-point control

-
end-to-end control

-
engine controls

-
engineering casualty control

-
environmental control

-
error control

-
exhaust speed control

-
exhaust temperature control

-
exponential control

-
exposure control

-
external control

-
fade-resistant speed control

-
feather-touch control

-
feed control

-
feedback control

-
feedforward control

-
field control

-
fine control

-
fine tuning control

-
fine-grained controls

-
finger-tip control

-
flame spread-and-length control

-
flare control

-
flight control

-
float control

-
floating control

-
flood control

-
floor heave control

-
flow control

-
flywheel frequency control

-
focusing control

-
follow-up controls

-
food control

-
force control

-
format control

-
formation pressure control

-
forward control

-
frame linearity control

-
framing control

-
frequency control

-
fuel flow control

-
fuel injection control

-
gage measurement control

-
gain control

-
ganged control

-
gas control

-
gas hydration control

-
gasoline loss control

-
gear controls

-
generator-field control

-
geometric adaptive control

-
grade control

-
grinding control

-
gross control

-
ground control

-
group control

-
guidance control

-
hand control

-
H-control

-
head depth control

-
health control

-
heat supplied control

-
height control

-
hierarchical control

-
high-side pressure control

-
hi-lo volume control

-
holding control

-
homing control

-
horizontal-amplitude control

-
horizontal-centering control

-
horizontal-frequency control

-
horizontal-linearity control

-
hue range control

-
hunting control

-
hydraulic control

-
hydraulic displacement control

-
hydraulic dust control

-
hydraulic flow control

-
hydraulic mechanical control

-
hydraulic rotary servo control

-
hydraulic slave control

-
ice control

-
illumination control

-
inching control

-
independent control

-
indirect control

-
industrial control

-
industrial process control

-
inertial control

-
infinitely variable control

-
inprocess diameters size control

-
inprocess size control

-
input torque limiting hydraulic control

-
integral control

-
integrated control

-
intensity control

-
interacting control

-
interactive control

-
interlocking control

-
intermittent control

-
internal control

-
irreversible flight control

-
job control

-
jogging control

-
keyboard control

-
keyed automatic gain control

-
knock control

-
lance control

-
landing control

-
lead angle control

-
leaning wheel control

-
level control

-
lever control

-
lift control

-
lighting control

-
linear control

-
linearity control

-
line-of-sight control

-
link control

-
linkage control

-
liquid dust control

-
load control

-
load-frequency control

-
load-responsive control

-
local heat supplied control

-
logical control

-
long-distance control

-
LOS control

-
lost circulation control

-
loudness control

-
low-side pressure control

-
luminance control

-
machinery casualty control

-
magnetic scale control

-
managerial control

-
man-in-the-loop control

-
manual adaptive control

-
manual control

-
manual engine shutoff control

-
manual stop control

-
manually actuatable control

-
marine pollution control

-
master control

-
mechanical control

-
meta control

-
meter-in speed control

-
meter-out speed control

-
metrological control

-
microcomputer-based sequence control

-
microprocessor control

-
microprogramming control

-
mine waste control

-
mixture control

-
mode control

-
model reference adaptive control

-
modulating control

-
motor control

-
motor speed control

-
multidiameter control

-
multiloop control

-
multiple-unit control

-
multiprogramming control

-
multistage control

-
multivariable control

-
multivoltage control

-
myoelectric control

-
nip control

-
noninteracting control

-
nonlinear control

-
N-point control

-
numerical program control

-
off-line control

-
off-peak control

-
oil spill control

-
oil stock loss control

-
on-line control

-
on-off action control

-
on-off grasping force control

-
open-loop control

-
operational control

-
operator controls

-
optimal control

-
optimizing control

-
ore dilution control

-
oven-discharge control

-
overall control

-
overall photographic control

-
overheat control

-
override control

-
overtemperature control

-
paraffin control

-
parametric control

-
path control

-
pattern control

-
PD control

-
peak-holding control

-
pedal control

-
pedestal control

-
pedestrian control

-
periodic automatic gain control

-
peripheral control

-
phase control

-
phase-locked-loop frequency control

-
physical alignment control

-
PI control

-
picture height control

-
picture linearity control

-
picture width control

-
PID control

-
pilot gas flow control

-
pipeline dispatch control

-
pitch control

-
plant's heat supplied control

-
pneumatic control

-
point-to-point control

-
polarity control

-
pole changing control

-
pollution control

-
position-based control

-
position-force control

-
positive control

-
post-process quality control

-
power adaptive control

-
power control

-
power-frequency control

-
precision control

-
press control

-
pressure control

-
pressure drop control

-
pressure related hydraulic control

-
pressure-compensator control

-
primary speed control

-
process control

-
production control

-
program control

-
programmable control

-
programmable machine control

-
proportional control

-
proportional-plus-derivative control

-
proportional-plus-floating control

-
pulse control

-
punched-tape control

-
purity control

-
push-button control

-
push-button route control

-
push-pull control

-
quality control

-
quality power level control

-
quantity power level control

-
quartz crystal control

-
quasi-inertial control

-
radar control

-
radio control

-
range-marker control

-
rate control

-
reactor control

-
real-time control

-
refinery control

-
refrigerating capacity control

-
regenerative control

-
regulatory control

-
relaxed control

-
relay control

-
reliability control

-
remote control

-
remote switching control

-
resistance control

-
resolved motion rate control

-
rheostatic control

-
rib control

-
robot control

-
robotic and machine control

-
robust control

-
rock pressure control

-
roll control

-
roof control

-
rotary-amplifier control

-
rotating control

-
rough control

-
route control

-
rudder control

-
runoff control

-
sand control

-
sanitary control

-
saturation control

-
seam-welding control

-
self-actuating control

-
selsyn control

-
semiremote control

-
sensitive flow control

-
sensitometric control

-
sensor-based control

-
sequential control

-
service background control

-
servo control

-
servo-loop control

-
servomotor control

-
ship control

-
shop control

-
shunted field control

-
sight control

-
silt control

-
simulated control

-
single-loop control

-
size control

-
slide control

-
slope-gain control

-
smoke puff control

-
solids control

-
sound control

-
speed control

-
speed related hydraulic control

-
split-cycle control

-
spotting gain control

-
squelch control

-
stand-alone control

-
start-stop control

-
statistical quality control

-
stator voltage control

-
steering control

-
step-by-step control

-
stepless control

-
stepped tuck control

-
stitch control

-
stock control

-
stock-level control

-
storage-route control

-
straight cut control

-
strata control

-
streamflow control

-
stringent control

-
studio control

-
supervisory control

-
supply control

-
surge control

-
swept gain control

-
table control

-
tap field control

-
tapped control

-
task control

-
temperature control

-
temporal gain control

-
thermostatic control

-
throttle control

-
throttling control

-
thumbwheel control

-
time-pattern control

-
time-temperature control

-
timing control

-
tint control

-
tone control

-
tone-compensated volume control

-
toning control

-
top control

-
torque-force control

-
touch control

-
touch-sensitive control

-
track occupancy control

-
track vegetation control

-
tracking control

-
traction control

-
traffic control

-
transaction control

-
transient control

-
treble control

-
trim control

-
tuning control

-
two-pedal control

-
two-stage control

-
ultrasonic remote control

-
unilateral control

-
upstream control

-
variable spill control

-
variable-speed control

-
velocity-based look-ahead control

-
vertical centering control

-
vertical-amplitude control

-
vertical-frequency control

-
vertical-linearity control

-
voice control

-
voice numerical control

-
voltage control

-
volume control

-
volume range control

-
wander control

-
warp knitting electronic control

-
waste control

-
water control

-
water pollution control

-
weather control

-
web cutoff control

-
web tension control

-
weight control

-
weights control

-
welder controls

-
wet-bulb temperature control

-
yaw control

-
zoom control

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > control
16 line

1. линия ( в разных значениях)

2. черта, штрих

3. кривая ( на диаграмме)

4. очертания, контур

5. граница, предел

6. талевый канат, струна талевой оснастки; трос

7. путь; линия; дорога

8. магистраль; трубопровод

9. обкладка; облицовка; футеровка || обкладывать; облицовывать; футеровать

10. устанавливать точно; устанавливать соосно; устанавливать в одну линию

coil type kill and choke flexible steel lines — спиральные стальные трубы линий штуцерной и для глушения скважины (предназначенные для компенсации поворотов морского стояка)

dash and dot line — пунктирная линия, состоящая из чёрточек и точек

integral choke and kill lines — линии штуцерная и глушения скважины (изготовленные заодно с секциями водоотделяющей колонны)

line of least resistance — линия наименьшего сопротивления

long distance pipe line — магистральный трубопровод

riser joint integral kill and choke line — секция линий глушения скважины и штуцерной, выполненная заодно с секцией водоотделяющей колонны

— absorption line

— admission line

— anchor line

— back wash line

— bailing line

— base line

— big inch line

— bleeder line

— bleed-off line

— blooie line

— booster line

— bore-hole line

— boundary line

— broken line

— buried pipe line

— casing line

— cathead line

— center line

— choke line

— circulation booster line

— coated pipe line

— compressed air line

— contact line

— contour line

— dashed line

— datum line

— dead line

— delivery line

— dimension line

— discharge line

— displacement line

— diverter line

— downstream line

— drilling line

— edge water line

— encroachment line

— equal space lines

— exhaust line

— fast line

— fill-up line

— firing line

— flare line

— flexible production line

— flow line

— gas line

— gas pipe line

— gathering line

— grade line

— gravity line

— guy lines

— high tension line

— in line

— injection line

— inlet line

— insulated pipe

— intake line

— jerk line

— jetting line

— kill line

— lang lay line

— lead line

— line in

— line of bearing

— line of centers

— line of correlation

— line of deflection

— line of dip

— line of dislocation

— line of pumps

— line of scatter

— line of welding

— line the hole

— line up

— line with casing

— live line

— loading line

— low-pressure pipe line

— main line

— mandrel line

— master guide line

— measuring line

— mud return line

— off-stream pipe line

— oil line

— oil pipe line

— on line

— original water line

— overflow line

— pilot line

— pipe line

— pitch line

— pod line

— pod lock line

— power line

— pressure line

— production flow line

— production line

— products pipe line

— pull lines

— pumping-out line

— red line

— reference line

— retreiving line

— rig line

— riser choke line

— riser kill line

— riser tensioning line

— rod line

— rotary drill line

— sand line

— scribed line

— sea line

— seagoing pipe line

— shale base line

— shore line

— shore pipe line

— shot point line

— slip line

— solid line

— tapered drilling line

— temporary guide line

— travel line

— trend line

— tubing line

— TV guide line

— twin pipe line

— unloading line

— uphill line

— upstream line

— water flood line

— water line

— water supply line

— wire line

— work line

* * *

1. трубопровод; нитка трубопровода || прокладывать трубопровод, тянуть нитку трубопровода

2. струна ( оснастки тале вой системы)

riser joint integral kill and choke line — секция линии глушения скважины и штуцерной линии, выполненная заодно с секцией водоотделяющей колонны

to valve off a line — перекрывать трубопровод задвижкой

triple pipe gas line — трёхниточный газопровод

twin pipe gas line — двухниточный газопровод

— admission line

— anchoring line

— backup-backwash line

— bailing line

— bare line

— big-inch line

— bleed line

— bleeder line

— bleed-off line

— blowing line

— booster line

— borehole line

— branch line

— branch main line

— branched line

— buried pipe line

— bypass line

— calf line

— casing line

— cathead line

— choke line

— circular main line

— circulation booster line

— coated pipe line

— delivery line

— discharge line

— disposal line

— diverter line

— double line

— downstream line

— drain line

— drilling line

— drilling mud line

— exhaust line

— fill line

— filling line

— flare line

— flexible production line

— flow line

— gas line

— gathering line

— grade line

— gravity line

— heating-gas line

— high-pressure line

— injection line

— inlet line

— insulated pipe line

— kill line

— lateral gas line

— lead line

— loading line

— long-distance pipe line

— low-pressure pipe line

— main line

— mooring line

— mud-return line

— oil gathering line

— oil line

— oil pipe line

— overflow line

— pipe line

— pod line

— pod lock line

— pressure inlet line

— pressure line

— production flow line

— products pipe line

— pull line

— pump warmup line

— rig line

— riser choke line

— riser kill line

— riser tensioning line

— rotary line

— sand line

— sea line

— seagoing pipe line

— shore pipe line

— supply line

— takeoff line

— tool injection line

— trunk line

— twin pipe line

— uncovered line

— unloading line

— vent line

— wire line

* * *

1. талевый канат; струна талевой оснастки

2. линия, профиль

3. ряд, отрасль

4. трубопровод

5. проводить линию, устанавливать в линию

6. обивать ( чем-либо) изнутри; выкладывать, облицовывать

* * *

1. линия; профиль

2. канал ( аппаратуры)

3. провод

* * *

1) трубопровод; нитка трубопровода || прокладывать трубопровод, тянуть нитку трубопровода

2) линия транспорта

3) талевый канат; струна талевой оснастки

4) линия, кривая

5) ряд

6) отрасль

•

on line — 1) выровненный, соосный () 2) прямолинейный ();

to blank off a line — заглушать трубопровод;

to blind off a line — заглушать трубопровод;

to block a line — заглушать трубопровод;

to feed off a line from drum — сматывать талевый канат с барабана;

to flush a line through — промывать трубопровод;

to line in — выверять положение ();

to reeve a line — натягивать канат перед подъёмом; пропускать талевый канат через кронблочный шкив (/i]);

to spool the drilling line on drum — наматывать талевый канат на барабан;

to line the hole — крепить скважину обсадной колонной;

to turn into the line — начинать перекачивание из промысловых резервуаров по трубопроводу;

to line up — 1) выравнивать 2) устанавливать на одной прямой;

to valve off a line — перекрывать трубопровод задвижкой;

to line with casing — крепить скважину обсадными трубами;

to line with pipes — крепить скважину трубами общего назначения

- line of bearing
- line of correlation
- line of deflection
- line of dip
- line of etch
- line of geophone
- line of least resistance
- line of pumps
- line of shooting
- line of tackle system
- line of welding
- admission line
- air line
- anchor line
- anchoring line
- back-pressure line
- backup line
- backwash line
- bailer line
- bailing line
- bare line
- base line of sands
- bed contour line
- big-inch line
- bleed line
- bleeder line
- bleed-off line
- blooie line
- blowing line
- booster line
- borehole line
- bozo line
- branch line
- branch main line
- branched line
- buried pipe line
- bypass line
- cable line
- calf line
- casing line
- catalyst transfer line
- cathead line
- cementing line
- choke line
- circular main line
- circulation booster line
- coated pipe line
- coil choke flexible steel line
- coil kill flexible steel line
- condensate line
- condensate-water line
- conductor line
- connecting line
- contact line
- coseismal line
- cracker line
- cracking case vapor line
- crest line
- crossover line
- crude oil line
- dead line
- delivery line
- derrick line
- discharge line
- discharge line of compressor
- disposal line
- distributing main line
- district heating line
- diverter line
- double line
- downstream line
- drain line
- drawworks line of tackle system
- drill line
- drilling line
- drilling mud line
- drilling mud flow line
- drilling rope fast line
- drill-water line
- drop-out line
- edge water line
- emergency drain line
- encroachment line
- etch line
- exhaust line
- expansion line
- fast line
- feed line
- fill line
- filling line
- fillup line
- firing line
- first-break line
- flare line
- flexible production line
- floor line
- flow line
- forked line
- fuel line
- gage line
- gas line
- gas blowoff line
- gas equalizing line
- gas gathering line
- gas inlet line
- gas main line
- gas outlet line
- gas pipe line
- gasoline line
- gathering line
- geophone line
- grade line
- gravity line
- guy lines
- Hallburton line
- heating-gas line
- high-pressure line
- hoisting line
- homoseismal line
- incoming gas line
- injection line
- inlet line
- insulated pipe line
- integral choke and kill line
- isoseismal line
- jerk line
- jetting line
- jug line
- kill line
- lang-lay line
- lateral gas line
- lead line
- life line
- lift line
- live line
- loading line
- long-distance pipe line
- long-lay line
- low-pressure pipe line
- main line
- main trunk line
- mandrel line
- manifold line
- marine conductor line
- marine riser choke line
- marine riser kill line
- mast line
- master guide line
- mazout line
- mooring line
- mud line
- mud-return line
- multiple lines
- off-stream pipe line
- oil line
- oil-drainage line
- oil-gathering line
- oil-pipe line
- operation line
- original water line
- outgoing gas line
- outlet transfer line
- overflow line
- overhead line
- pilot line
- pilot igniting line
- pipe line
- pod line
- pod lock line
- pressure line
- priming line
- production flow line
- products pipe line
- pull line
- pump suction line
- pump warm-up line
- pumping-out line
- rag line
- reflux line
- refraction line
- release line
- reserve flow line
- retrieving line
- reverse circulation line
- rig line
- ring main line
- riser choke line
- riser joint integral kill and choke line
- riser kill line
- riser tensioning line
- rod line
- rotary-drill line
- rotary-wire line
- run-down line
- safety line
- sand wire line
- sea line
- seagoing pipe line
- seismic line
- shale base line
- shale deflection line
- shore pipe line
- shot line
- shot-moment line
- shot-point line
- single line
- sling line
- snake line
- soft line
- source line
- split line
- spontaneous potential base line
- spur line
- stabilizing guy line
- steam line
- steam return line
- sucker-rod line
- suction line
- supply line
- surface line of circulation system
- suspension line
- swing line
- swinging core line
- tag line
- takeoff line
- tank flow line
- tank heating line
- tank shipping line
- tapered drilling line
- tie line
- time-distance line
- tool injection line
- tow line
- tracer line
- transmission line
- triple line
- triple gas pipe line
- trough line
- trunk line
- tubing line
- TV guide line
- twin pipe line
- uncovered line
- unloading line
- uphill line
- upstream line
- vapor line
- vent line
- vibrator line
- water line
- water-disposal line
- water-encroachment line
- water-flood line
- water-supply line
- well flow line
- wirerope measuring line
* * *

• выравнивать

• дорога

• канат

• линия трубопровода

• магистраль

• нитка

• нитка трубопровода

• обкладка

• обкладывать

• облицовка

• прокладывать трубопровод

• струна

• струна оснастки талевой системы

• струна талевой оснастки

• талевый канат

• трос

• трубопровод

• тянуть нитку трубопровода

• устанавливать в одну линию

• устанавливать соосно

• устанавливать точно

• футеровка

Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > line
17 test

испытание; проба; исследование; испытывать; пробовать; исследовать; test stand the - выдерживать испытание test acceptance (approval) - приемочные испытания; проверка соответствия техническим условиям test bench - стендовые испытания test bloating - исследование вспучивания (напр. глины или сланца при нагревании) test bubble - проба (испытание) на образование пузырей (на стыке трубопровода) test burning - определение температуры воспламенения; испытание на горючесть; проба на сжигание test burn-off - испытание выжиганием (для определения состава связующего) test burst(ing) - испытание до разрушения образца test cavitation - кавитационное испытание, испытание в режиме кавитации test charring ablator - испытание обугливающегося (коксующегося) абляционного материала test check - контрольное (проверочное) испытание test chemical - химическое испытание или анализ test climatic - климатическое испытание, испытание на воздействие климатических условий test cold (temperature) - испытание при низких температурах test colorimetric - for organic impurities колориметрическая проба содержания органических примесей test combustibility - испытание на воспламенение (горючесть) test compatibility - испытание на совместимость test composite - испытание композиционного материала test cryogenic temperature - испытание при криогенных температурах test Dautriche - определение скорости распространения взрыва по Дотришу test durability - испытание на выносливость (долговечность) test elevated-temperature - испытание при повышенных температурах test experimental - экспериментальное исследование test explosive (loading) - испытание взрывом, взрывное испытание test exposure - испытание на воздействие окружающей среды или атмосферных условий test fire - определение температуры воспламенения; огневое испытание test fire-endurance (fire-resistancej - испытание на огнестойкость test firing time - испытание на скорость сгорания (в стандартных условиях) test flame - испытание пламенем (на воздействие пламени) test flammability - испытание на воспламеняемость test flash - определение температуры йепышки test flight-readiness firing - стендовые огневые испытания (двигателя) test float - определение вязкости поплавковым вискозиметром test flow - испытание в потоке жидкости, гидравлическое испытание test foam -(s) испытания пены test four-hour run-in - четырехчасовые заводские испытания авто насоса test freeze-thaw - испытание на замораживание и оттаивание freezing - испытания на морозостойкость test freezing and thawing - испытание ла замораживание и оттаивание test friction - испытание на трение test fuel-resistance - испытание на топливостойкость test full-scale - натурные испытания test full-scale Reynolds number - испытание при натурном числе Рейпольдеа test fungus - испытания на стойкость к грибковой плесени; фунгицидные испытания test fusing-point - определение точки плавления test gamma-ray - просвечивание гамма-лучами, гамма-графический контроль test gas impermeability - испытание на газонепроницаемость test gas permeability - испытание на газопроницаемость test heat - испытание на нагрев test heat-resistance - испытание на жаростойкость test heat-stability - испытание на термическую устойчивость test high-pressure - испытание при высоких давлениях test high-temperature - испытание при высоких температурах test high-voltage - испытание при высоком напряжении (напр. изоляции) test hot - испытание в нагретом состоянии; испытание на нагрев test humidity - испытание на влагостойкость test hydraulic boiler - испытание котла гидравлическим давлением test hydraulic pressure - испытание гидравлическим давлением; гидравлическое испытание test hydraulic tension ring - гидравлическое испытание колец на растяжение test hydrostatic - гидростатическое испытание test hydrostatic pressure - испытание гидростатическим давлением test hysteresis - испытание н,а гистерезис test ignition - испытание на воспламенение test impact - испытание на удар; ударное испытание; определение ударной вязкости test impermeability - испытание на герметичность (водонепроницаемость) test inflammability - испытание на воспламеняемость test insulation - испытание на изоляцию; испытание изоляции test laboratory - лабораторное испытание test leak(age) - испытание на герметичность (утечку) test life - испытание на долговечность; испытание на длительность работы, определение срока службы test low-temperature - испытание при низких температурах test match-holding - испытание на горючесть (воспламеняемость) от спички test mock-up - испытание на макете test model - испытание (на) модели; типовое испытание test open-cup flash-and-fire - определение температуры вспышки и воспламенения в открытом тигле (чашке) test organic impurities - определение содержания органических примесей test outdoor (exposure) - испытание (выдержка) на открытом воздухе test overload (overstress) - испытания на перегрузку oxidation - испытание на окис-ляемость test passenger evacuation - испытание на аварийную эвакуацию пассажиров (из самолета, потерпевшего аварию) test performance - испытание для определения рабочих характеристик; определение характеристик (материала) test pilot - пробное (контрольное) испытание test plasma torch - испытание плазменной горелкой test pour - определение температуры застывания (потери текучести); испытание на хладостойкость test pressure - испытание под давлением test qual(ification) - проверка соответствия техническим условиям test quick - ускоренное испытание; экспресс-анализ test radiant-heating - испытание на лучистый нагрев test radiation - радиационное испытание test reliability - испытание на надежность; проверка надежности test rig - стендовое испытание test risk service - испытание на определение степени опасности использования в рабочих условиях test safe-life - испытание на безопасный срок хранения test service - эксплуатационное испытание; испытание в рабочих условиях test short-time - кратковременное испытание; экспресс-анализ test simulated environment - испытание в условиях, имитирующих окружающую среду test sizing - гранулометрический анализ test small-scale fire - маломасштабные пожарные испытания test soap-bubble - испытание на образование мыльных пузырей (на стыке трубопровода) test spirit burner - испытание с использованием спиртовой горелки test standard - стандартное {типовое) испытание test starting - пусковое испытание test static - статическое испытание; испытание при статической нагрузке test surface spread of flame - испытание на распространение пламени но поверхности образца test temperature - испытание на воздействие температур, температурное испытание test thermal - тепловое (термическое) испытание test thermal performance - определение термических характеристик test thermal shock - испытание на тепловой удар test uninfliinunability - испытание па невоспламеняемость test vacuum - испытание в вакууме test viscosity - испытание на вязкость, определение вязкости, реологическое испытание test water - гидравлическое испытание; определение содержания воды test waterproof - испытание на водостойкость test weather proof - испытание на погодостойкость; испытание на атмосферную коррозию test weight-loss - испытание на коррозию по убыли массы образца

Англо-русский пожарно-технический словарь > test
18 diode

1) диод

2) переход транзистора

•

diode upside down — перевёрнутый диод

- abrupt-junction diode
- absorber diode
- ac heated diode
- adjustable diode
- alloy diode
- alloyed-junction diode
- antireflective coated diode
- antireflective coated laser diode
- apertured diode
- avalanche diode
- avalanche breakdown diode
- avalanche injection diode
- avalanche-oscillator diode
- avalanche photosensitive diode
- avalanche transit-time diode
- back diode
- back-biased diode
- back-to-back diodes
- backward diode
- BARITT diode
- barrier diode
- barrier-injection and transit-time diode

- base-emitter diode
- beam-lead diode
- bidirectional diode
- bidirectional breakdown diode
- blooming inhibitor diode
- blue light-emitting diode
- Boff diode
- bonded diode
- booster diode
- breakdown diode
- bulk diode
- bulk-barrier diode
- bulk NC diode
- bulk negative conductivity diode
- bypass diode
- catching diode
- CATT diode
- catwhisker diode
- centering diode
- ceramic package diode
- charge-storage diode
- charging diode
- chip diode
- circular laser diode
- clamping diode
- clipper diode
- coaxial diode
- cold-cathode gas diode
- collector diode
- collector-junction diode
- commutating diode
- complementary diodes
- conductivity modulated diode
- constant-current diode
- contact diode
- controlled avalanche-transit-time diode
- crystal diode
- current-regulator diode
- cylindrical diode
- damper diode
- damping diode
- dc clamp diode
- dc restorer diode
- DDR diode
- deep diode
- degenerate tunnel diode
- demodulator diode
- detector diode
- dielectric diode
- diffused diode
- diffused p-n junction diode
- discharge diode
- discrete diode
- distributed diode
- double diode
- double-base diode
- double-base junction diode
- double-diffused diode
- double-drift diode
- double-drift-region diode
- double-epitaxial diode
- double-glass seal diode
- double-injection diode
- double-saturation diode
- double velocity transit time diode

- DOVETT diode
- drain diode
- drift diode
- dual diode
- dummy diode
- EBS diode
- efficiency diode
- EL diode
- electrochemical diode
- electroluminescent diode
- electron-beam semiconductor diode
- electron-bombarded semiconductor diode
- emitter diode
- emitter-junction diode
- epitaxial diode
- equivalent diode
- Esaki tunnel diode
- evaporated thin-film diode
- fast diode
- fast-recovery diode
- field-effect diode
- flangeless package diode
- flexible-lead diode
- flexible transparent organic light-emitting diode

- formed diode
- forward-biased diode
- four-layer diode
- four-region diode
- fuse diode
- gallium arsenide diode
- gallium phosphide diode
- gas diode
- gas-filled diode
- gate-controlled diode
- gate-to-channel diode
- gate-triggered diode
- gating diode
- germanium diode
- glass diode
- glass-ambient diode
- glass-sealed diode
- gold-bonded diode
- graded-junction diode
- green emitting diode
- grid-cathode diode
- grown diode
- grown-junction diode
- guard-ring diode
- Gunn diode
- Gunn-effect diode
- hard-lead diode
- heavily doped diode
- heterojunction diode
- heterojunction light-emitting diode

- high-burnout diode
- high-current diode
- high-power diode
- high-pressure gas diode
- high-pressure gas-filled diode
- high-radiance electroluminescent diode
- hold-off diode
- honeycomb diode
- hot-carrier diode
- hot-cathode gas diode
- hot-cathode gas-filled diode
- hot-cathode X-ray diode
- hot-electron diode
- hot-hole diode
- ideal noise diode
- impact avalanche transit-time diode
- impact ionization avalanche transit-time diode
- IMPATT diode
- infrared diode
- infrared-emitting diode
- injection laser diode

- injection luminescent diode
- integrated diode
- intrinsic-barrier diode
- inversed diode
- inverted mesa diode
- ion-implanted planar mesa diode
- I2-PLASA diode
- isolating diode
- isolation diode
- isolation-substrate junction diode
- junction diode
- junction-type diode
- lambda diode
- laminar diode
- laser diode
- lasing diode
- light-emitting diode

- lighthouse diode
- lightly doped diode
- light-proof package diode
- limited space-charge accumulation diode
- limiter diode
- limiting-velocity diode
- logarithmic diode
- long-base diode
- low-barrier diode
- low-barrier hot-carrier diode

- low-power diode
- low-voltage diode
- LSA diode
- luminescent diode
- magnetic diode
- majority-carrier diode
- matched diodes
- mesa diode
- mesa-type diode
- metal-film semiconductor diode
- metal package diode
- metal-semiconductor diode
- metal-semiconductor barrier diode
- microglass diode
- microplasma-free diode
- microwave diode
- Miller-Ebers diode
- MIM diode
- minority-carrier diode
- MIS diode
- Misawa diode
- mixer diode
- mm-wave diode
- MNS diode
- Moll diode
- MOM diode
- monolithic diode
- MOS diode
- Mott diode
- MSM diode
- multicurrent-range diode
- multielement diode
- narrow-base diode
- negative-resistance diode
- noise diode

- noise-generator diode
- nonlinear capacitance diode
- optical diode
- organic light-emitting diode

- oscillator diode
- overcritically doped diode
- packaged diode
- packageless diode
- parallel emitter-collector junction diode
- parametric diode
- passivated metal-semiconductor diode
- phosphor-coated electroluminescent diode
- photoemissive diode
- photomixer diode
- photoparametric diode
- photosensitive diode
- pick-off diode
- pill diode
- p-i-n diode
- pinhead diode
- planar diode
- planar-doped barrier diode
- planar epitaxial passivated diode
- plasma diode
- plastic-encapsulated diode
- pneumatic diode
- p-n junction diode
- point diode
- point-contact diode
- point-junction diode
- pressure-sensitive diode
- p-semi-insulating-n diode
- pulse diode
- punch-through diode
- quenched-domain Gunn diode
- reactance diode
- Read diode
- rectifier diode
- red light-emitting diode
- reference diode
- refrigerated diode
- retarded field diode
- reverse-biased diode
- reverse-polarity silicon diode
- Riesz diode
- Riesz-type diode
- saturated diode
- Schottky diode
- Schottky-barrier diode
- Schottky power diode
- Schottky-Read diode
- SCL diode
- SDR diode
- sealed diode
- semiconducting glass diode
- semiconductor diode
- shallow diode
- Shockley diode
- short-base diode
- side-emitting laser diode
- silicon diode
- silicon-on-sapphire diode
- silver-bonded diode
- single-drift diode
- single-drift-region diode
- single-injection diode
- smoke-emitting diode
- snap-action diode
- snapback diode
- snap-off diode
- solion diode
- solion liquid diode
- SOS diode
- space-charge-limited diode
- stacked organic light-emitting diode

- steering diode

- step-recovery diode

- storage diode
- subtransit-time IMPATT diode
- superconducting diode
- superluminescent diode
- surface-barrier diode
- surface-emitting laser diode
- surface-passivated diode
- switching diode
- temperature-compensated Zener diode
- thermionic diode
- thick-film diode
- thin-film diode
- transferred-electron diode
- transit-time microwave diode
- transparent organic light-emitting diode

- TRAPATT diode

- trapped plasma avalanche transit-time diode

- trigger diode
- triple diode
- tube diode
- tunnel diode
- tunnel-emission diode
- twin diode
- two-base diode
- ultrafast-recovery diode
- uniformly avalanching diode
- uniplanar diode
- unitunnel diode
- vacuum diode
- vacuum-deposited diode
- varactor diode
- variable-capacitance diode

- variable-reactance diode
- vertical-cavity laser diode
- visible light-emitting diode
- voltage-reference diode
- voltage-regulator diode
- voltage variable-capacitance diode
- waveguide diode
- welded-junction diode
- whisker diode
- wide-base diode
- yellow emitting diode
- Zener diode
- Zener breakdown diode

English-Russian electronics dictionary > diode
19 diode

1) диод

2) переход транзистора

•

diode upside down — перевёрнутый диод

- abrupt-junction diode
- absorber diode
- ac heated diode
- adjustable diode
- alloy diode
- alloyed-junction diode
- antireflective coated diode
- antireflective coated laser diode
- apertured diode
- avalanche breakdown diode
- avalanche diode
- avalanche injection diode
- avalanche photosensitive diode
- avalanche transit-time diode
- avalanche-oscillator diode
- back diode
- back-biased diode
- back-to-back diodes
- backward diode
- BARITT diode
- barrier diode
- barrier-injection and transit-time diode
- base-emitter diode
- beam-lead diode
- bidirectional breakdown diode
- bidirectional diode
- blooming inhibitor diode
- blue light-emitting diode
- Boff diode
- bonded diode
- booster diode
- breakdown diode
- bulk diode
- bulk NC diode
- bulk negative conductivity diode
- bulk-barrier diode
- bypass diode
- catching diode
- CATT diode
- catwhisker diode
- centering diode
- ceramic package diode
- charge-storage diode
- charging diode
- chip diode
- circular laser diode
- clamping diode
- clipper diode
- coaxial diode
- cold-cathode gas diode
- collector diode
- collector-junction diode
- commutating diode
- complementary diodes
- conductivity modulated diode
- constant-current diode
- contact diode
- controlled avalanche-transit-time diode
- crystal diode
- current-regulator diode
- cylindrical diode
- damper diode
- damping diode
- dc clamp diode
- dc restorer diode
- DDR diode
- deep diode
- degenerate tunnel diode
- demodulator diode
- detector diode
- dielectric diode
- diffused diode
- diffused p-n junction diode
- discharge diode
- discrete diode
- distributed diode
- double diode
- double velocity transit time diode
- double-base diode
- double-base junction diode
- double-diffused diode
- double-drift diode
- double-drift-region diode
- double-epitaxial diode
- double-glass seal diode
- double-injection diode
- double-saturation diode
- DOVETT diode
- drain diode
- drift diode
- dual diode
- dummy diode
- EBS diode
- efficiency diode
- EL diode
- electrochemical diode
- electroluminescent diode
- electron-beam semiconductor diode
- electron-bombarded semiconductor diode
- emitter diode
- emitter-junction diode
- epitaxial diode
- equivalent diode
- Esaki tunnel diode
- evaporated thin-film diode
- fast diode
- fast-recovery diode
- field-effect diode
- flangeless package diode
- flexible transparent organic light-emitting diode
- flexible-lead diode
- formed diode
- forward-biased diode
- four-layer diode
- four-region diode
- fuse diode
- gallium arsenide diode
- gallium phosphide diode
- gas diode
- gas-filled diode
- gate-controlled diode
- gate-to-channel diode
- gate-triggered diode
- gating diode
- germanium diode
- glass diode
- glass-ambient diode
- glass-sealed diode
- gold-bonded diode
- graded-junction diode
- green emitting diode
- grid-cathode diode
- grown diode
- grown-junction diode
- guard-ring diode
- Gunn diode
- Gunn-effect diode
- hard-lead diode
- heavily doped diode
- heterojunction diode
- heterojunction light-emitting diode
- high-burnout diode
- high-current diode
- high-power diode
- high-pressure gas diode
- high-pressure gas-filled diode
- high-radiance electroluminescent diode
- hold-off diode
- honeycomb diode
- hot-carrier diode
- hot-cathode gas diode
- hot-cathode gas-filled diode
- hot-cathode X-ray diode
- hot-electron diode
- hot-hole diode
- I2-PLASA diode
- ideal noise diode
- impact avalanche transit-time diode
- impact ionization avalanche transit-time diode
- IMPATT diode
- infrared diode
- infrared-emitting diode
- injection laser diode
- injection luminescent diode
- integrated diode
- intrinsic-barrier diode
- inversed diode
- inverted mesa diode
- ion-implanted planar mesa diode
- isolating diode
- isolation diode
- isolation-substrate junction diode
- junction diode
- junction-type diode
- lambda diode
- laminar diode
- laser diode
- lasing diode
- light-emitting diode
- lighthouse diode
- lightly doped diode
- light-proof package diode
- limited space-charge accumulation diode
- limiter diode
- limiting-velocity diode
- logarithmic diode
- long-base diode
- low-barrier diode
- low-barrier hot-carrier diode
- low-power diode
- low-voltage diode
- LSA diode
- luminescent diode
- magnetic diode
- majority-carrier diode
- matched diodes
- mesa diode
- mesa-type diode
- metal package diode
- metal-film semiconductor diode
- metal-semiconductor barrier diode
- metal-semiconductor diode
- microglass diode
- microplasma-free diode
- microwave diode
- Miller-Ebers diode
- MIM diode
- minority-carrier diode
- MIS diode
- Misawa diode
- mixer diode
- mm-wave diode
- MNS diode
- Moll diode
- MOM diode
- monolithic diode
- MOS diode
- Mott diode
- MSM diode
- multicurrent-range diode
- multielement diode
- narrow-base diode
- negative-resistance diode
- noise diode
- noise-generator diode
- nonlinear capacitance diode
- optical diode
- organic light-emitting diode
- oscillator diode
- overcritically doped diode
- packaged diode
- packageless diode
- parallel emitter-collector junction diode
- parametric diode
- passivated metal-semiconductor diode
- phosphor-coated electroluminescent diode
- photoemissive diode
- photomixer diode
- photoparametric diode
- photosensitive diode
- pick-off diode
- pill diode
- p-i-n diode
- pinhead diode
- planar diode
- planar epitaxial passivated diode
- planar-doped barrier diode
- plasma diode
- plastic-encapsulated diode
- p-n junction diode
- pneumatic diode
- point diode
- point-contact diode
- point-junction diode
- pressure-sensitive diode
- p-semi-insulating-n diode
- pulse diode
- punch-through diode
- quenched-domain Gunn diode
- reactance diode
- Read diode
- rectifier diode
- red light-emitting diode
- reference diode
- refrigerated diode
- retarded field diode
- reverse-biased diode
- reverse-polarity silicon diode
- Riesz diode
- Riesz-type diode
- saturated diode
- Schottky diode
- Schottky power diode
- Schottky-barrier diode
- Schottky-Read diode
- SCL diode
- SDR diode
- sealed diode
- semiconducting glass diode
- semiconductor diode
- shallow diode
- Shockley diode
- short-base diode
- side-emitting laser diode
- silicon diode
- silicon-on-sapphire diode
- silver-bonded diode
- single-drift diode
- single-drift-region diode
- single-injection diode
- smoke-emitting diode
- snap-action diode
- snapback diode
- snap-off diode
- solion diode
- solion liquid diode
- SOS diode
- space-charge-limited diode
- stacked organic light-emitting diode
- steering diode
- step-recovery diode
- storage diode
- subtransit-time IMPATT diode
- superconducting diode
- superluminescent diode
- surface-barrier diode
- surface-emitting laser diode
- surface-passivated diode
- switching diode
- temperature-compensated Zener diode
- thermionic diode
- thick-film diode
- thin-film diode
- transferred-electron diode
- transit-time microwave diode
- transparent organic light-emitting diode
- TRAPATT diode
- trapped plasma avalanche transit-time diode
- trigger diode
- triple diode
- tube diode
- tunnel diode
- tunnel-emission diode
- twin diode
- two-base diode
- ultrafast-recovery diode
- uniformly avalanching diode
- uniplanar diode
- unitunnel diode
- vacuum diode
- vacuum-deposited diode
- varactor diode
- variable-capacitance diode
- variable-reactance diode
- vertical-cavity laser diode
- visible light-emitting diode
- voltage variable-capacitance diode
- voltage-reference diode
- voltage-regulator diode
- waveguide diode
- welded-junction diode
- whisker diode
- wide-base diode
- yellow emitting diode
- Zener breakdown diode
- Zener diode

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > diode
20 air

воздух; воздушная среда; атмосфера; II проветривать; обдувать воздухом; II атмосферный; воздушный; пневматический

- air absorption
- air acetylene welding - air accumulator - air accumulator with rubber bag - air-actuated
- air actuator

- air admission
- air agitation - air analyzer - air and fuel mixture - air and material separator - air and water post - air application time - air-assisted pressure jet atomiser - air bag - air bag steering wheel - air bag triggering unit - air ball - air barrel pump - air bath - air bell - air bellows - air binding - air blast - air blast nozzle - air blasting - air bleed - air bleed hole - air bleed valve - air bleeder - air blow cabinet - air blower - air-borne particles - air bottle - air bound - air box - air brake - air brake controls - air brake dryer - air brake hose - air brake system - air-braked - air brake dynamometer - air brake foot control - air-break - air bubble - air bulking - air bumper - air cap - air cavity - air cell chamber - air-cell cylinder head - air-cell diesel engine - air-cell piston - air cement gun - air chamber - air chamber diesel engine - air channel - air charge - air check - air chill - air clamp - air cleaner - air cleaner and silencer - air cleaner servicer - air cleaner support - air cleaner test dust - air clearance - air clutch - air cock - air compensating jet - air compressor - air-conditioned - air conditioner - air-conditioner compressor - air conditioning - air-conditioning duct - air-conditioning plant - air conduit - air connection - air consumption - air container - air control - air control shutter - air control valve - air-controlled - air conveyer - air-cooled - air-cooled engine - air-cooled flat twin engine - air cooler - air cooling - air-cored - air-core tyre - air coupling - air cowl - air cure - air-cured - air-curing - air correction jet - air current - air cushion - air cushion car - air cushion shock absorber - air cushioned seat - air cushion vehicle - air cylinder - air cylinder cap - air dam - air damper - air damping - air dashpot - air deflector - air delivery - air delivery hoses - air delivery tube in exhaust port - air density - air director - air dispenser - air distributor - air distribution manifold - air diverter valve - air door operation - air draft - air drag - air draught - air-dried crops - air drier - air drill - air-driven - air-dry - air drying - air drying paint - air duct - air duster - air eddy - air ejector fan - air engine - air escape - air escape valve - air escaping - air exhaust - air-extractor - air-fast - air feed - air feeder - air fed foil - air filter - air filter cleaner - air flow - air flow meter - air-foil bearing - air-foil lattice - air-foil skirt - air fountain - air-free - air friction - air-friction dynamometer - air-fuel ratio - air gap - air gauge - air gun - air hardening - air heater - air heating - air hoist - air hole - air horn - air hose - air-in - air inflating - air injection - air injection engine - air inlet - air inlet angle - air inlet housing - air inlet louvers - air inlet pipe - air inlet strainer - air inlet valve - air input - air intake - air intake branch - air intake filter - air intake heater - air intake opening - air intake pipe - air jet - air-lagged - air leak - air leakage - air-leg - air lift - air line - air line distance - air load - air lock - air-locked - air-lubricated foil thrust bearing - air manifold - air mass meter - air mixing chamber - air nozzle - air oil separator - air-operated - air-operated valve grinder - air-out - air outlet angle - air output - air-oven ageing test - air-over hydraulic brake - air-over hydraulics - air passage - air peener - air petrol mixture - air pillow - air pipe - air piston - air-piston accumulator - plunger accumulator - air-powered - air preheater - air pressure - air pressure brake - air pressure gauge - air pressure test - air-proof - air pump - air quenching - air reaction - air receiver - air regulator - air renewal - air reservoir - air resistance - air resistance horsepower - air-retaining liner - air sand blower - air scoop - air screw - air seal - air-seasoned wood - air seeder - air shrinkage - air side - air silencer - air space - air spoiler - air spray - air spring suspension - air-stabilized foil - air starting - air-steam - air steering control - air-storage chamber - air-storage tank - air straightener - air strainer - air strainer and silencer - air strangler - air stream - air suction inlet - air suction valve - air supply - air supply hose - air swirl - air tank - air test - air throttle - air-tight - air-transportable vehicle - air trap - air tube - air tyre - air-tyred - air valve - air vane - air vent - air vent window - air vessel - air washer - air wheel - bleed off air - determine air in the system - discharge air overboard - tap air from the compressor - top-dressing from air - top-dress plants from air - auxiliary air - carburetted air - charge air - combustion air - compressed air - conditioned air - contaminated air - control air - cooling air - dead air - excess air - free air - fresh air - heavy air - induced air - inlet air - light air - liquid air - outer air - precompressed air - preheated air - rarefied air - return air - scavenging air - soil air - stagnant air - standart air - surface air - surrounding air - turbulent air - used air

Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > air

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Pressure controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation — (PC IMV) is any mode of mechanical ventilation with preset inspiratory pressure (Pressure Control) and inspiratory time (Ti). Spontaneous breaths (i.e., inspiration is patient triggered and patient cycled) can exist between mandatory breaths… … Wikipedia
Resistance welding — refers to a group of welding processes that produce coalescence of faying surfaces where heat to form the weld is generated by the resistance of the welding current through the workpieces. Some factors influencing heat or welding temperatures are … Wikipedia
Time's Up! — is a grassroots environmental group that seeks to promote a more sustainable, less toxic New York City. For 20 years, it has been committed to improving the environment by empowering individuals to become active in their community. In New York… … Wikipedia
Pressure measurement — The construction of a bourdon tube gauge, construction elements are made of brass Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure pressure are called pressure gauges or vacuum gauges. A… … Wikipedia
Pressure volume diagram — Thermodynamics … Wikipedia
resistance — A level above which prices have had difficulty penetrating. Chicago Board of Trade glossary A horizontal price range where price hovers due to selling pressure before attempting a downward move. The CENTER ONLINE Futures Glossary An effective… … Financial and business terms
Time Limit (film) — Infobox Film name = Time Limit caption = Theatrical release poster amg id = imdb id = 0051083 producer = Richard Widmark William H. Reynolds director = Karl Malden writer = Henry Denker starring = Richard Widmark Richard Basehart Dolores Michaels … Wikipedia
pressure — 1. A stress or force acting in any direction against resistance. 2. (P, frequently followed by a subscript indicating location)In physics and physiology, the force per unit area exerted by a gas or liquid against the walls of its container or… … Medical dictionary
Blood pressure — For information about high blood pressure, see Hypertension. Blood pressure Diagnostics A sphygmomanometer, a device used for measuring arterial pressure. MeSH … Wikipedia
Positive airway pressure — A typical CPAP machine houses the air pump in a case lined with sound absorbing material for quieter operation. A hose carries the pressurized air to a face mask or nasal pillow … Wikipedia
Antibiotic resistance — is a type of drug resistance where a microorganism is able to survive exposure to an antibiotic. While a spontaneous or induced genetic mutation in bacteria may confer resistance to antimicrobial drugs, genes that confer resistance can be… … Wikipedia

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